Hibito–Cholon languages
The extinct Hibito–Cholón or Cholónan languages form a proposed language family that links two languages of Peru, Hibito and Cholón. This family was believed to be extinct but in 2021 a native speaker was rediscovered, she is Martha Pérez Valderrama, she is currently the only known speaker of this family (specifically from the Cholón).[1][2] They may also be related to the extinct Culle language, and perhaps to the language of the Chachapoya, but the data for all of these languages is poor.
| Hibito–Cholón | |
|---|---|
| Cholónan | |
| (tentative) | |
| Geographic distribution | Peru |
Native speakers | 1 (2021) |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | hibi1242 |
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Leko, Mapudungun, Mochika, Kandoshi, Muniche, and Barbakoa language families due to contact.[3]
Lexicon
Several basic Hibito and Cholon words appear to be related, though the data on both languages is poor. The following examples are given in the ad hoc orthography of the three sources we have on these languages:
gloss tree water daughter son Cholón mech / meš cot / quõt / köta ñu / -ñu pul / -pul Hibito mixs / mitš cachi / otšj ñoo pool
Comparative word list of Hibito and Cholon from Loukotka (1949):[4]
- Notes
- (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)
- Sources used by Loukotka (1949) — Hibito
- Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s
- Tessmann (1930)[5]
- Sources Loukotka (1949) — Cholon
French gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Hibito Cholon comparisons animal animal (Sp.) (Sp.) arbre tree mixs mees-ñgup boire drink vvik nig ciel sky puxam senta cœur heart thuo-suik aluñač dieu God diosču (Sp.) douleur pain kalak ysiam eau water kači kot Tessmann: oč, köta étoiles stars kuičas ke-nak femme woman etlek yla Tessmann: udú, hilá feu fire ukče vet Tessmann: olmó, utmo fille daughter noo añu fils son pool apul fleur flower čukčum ñuñap fleuve river sekllutkači kot-ysokot frère brother moskaá azot Katakao: aszat = homme fruit fruit llagna keniya gai happy musugvem augilubaktam herbe grass kiak pullo homme man nuum num Tessmann: núm, lúno lune moon kuiná peel Tessmann: winžö, pel manger eat lopkem amok mer sea lapomkači sokotlol mère mother keek appan mort dead huank mikol mourir die kalgeskam ñgoli-čo oiseau bird kumkoči zuksill ondes waves omium ypixsimam père father kotk appa pleurer cry atzakkem yo-yam pluie rain laamčus llisiak poisson fish kazop asua rameau branch mixnul pučup régner reign kollam časam sœur sister moskaá akiñiu soleil sun ñim musak Tessmann: nim, mušápo terre earth kaloč lluspey tronc trunk sangoč sangoč vent wind koktom mam viande meat amaá čep
References
- "Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- "The Cholon Language Collection of Luis Miguel Rojas Berscia | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
- Loukotka, Čestmír. 1949. Sur Quelques Langues Inconnues de l'Amerique du Sud. Lingua Posnaniensis I: 53-82.
- Tessmann, Günter. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus: grundlegende Forschungen für eine systematische Kulturkunde. Hamburg: Friederichsen, de Gruyter.
- Mata, Fr. Pedro de la. 1748. Arte de la lengua Cholona. Trujillo. Manuscript held at the British Museum in London. (Republished in Inca (1923), vol. 1, pp. 690-750. Lima.)