Demographics of Vilnius

Vilnius is the historic and present-day capital of Lithuania. Records of demographic measures go back to 1766, though the city itself has existed much longer. In recent days, the demographics have been heavily influenced by the war in neighboring Ukraine.

Demographics of Vilnius
Population pyramid of the Vilnius City in 2021
Population633,481 (2023)

Current Demographics

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine and an influx of Ukrainian refugees to Lithuania, who were granted a refugee status[1] the number of inhabitants of Vilnius rose to 636,209 as of February 2024 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The number of inhabitants of Vilnius, born in Ukraine rose from 10 thousand to 29 thousand between 2021 and 2023. The number of persons born in Belarus rose from 25 thousand to 37 thousand during the same period mostly as a consequence of 2020–2021 Belarusian protests and intensified fleeing abroad of its citizens. Also, numbers of persons, who settle in Vilnius, coming from Central Asia, Caucasus, African, Asian (most notably - India) countries are on the rise.[2]

In 2023-2024 a surge of migrants from Central Asia and India was observed. The number of econimic migrants in Lithuania from Uzbekistan rose from 1.8 thousand to almost 10 thousand, from Kyrgyzstan – from less than 2 thousand to more than 6.6 thousand, from Tajikistan – from 1.4 thousand to 6.3 thousand, from India – from 1.2 thousand to 5.2 thousand. Most of these migrants setled in Vilnius.[3]

As of late 2023, 73 thousand foreigners lived in Vilnius, up from 38 thousand a year and a half earlier. In January 2022, there were also 5 000 foreign minors living in Vilnius, but the number had risen to 13 000 in January 2023.[4]

Before these dramatic changes, what led to the sharp rise of the number of inhabitants, the city of Vilnius as of early 2021 had a population between 569,729[5][6] (according to Statistics Lithuania) and 588,412[7] (according to the State Enterprise Centre of Registers). According to the municipality of Vilnius, the city had a population of 597,610[2] as of May 2022 – the figure includes Grigiškės, a formally separate town within the municipality of the capital, but without a separate body of a town government except that of a Vilnius city district (seniūnija). The actual number of city inhabitants could be higher as according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 732,815 permanent inhabitants as of January 2021 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined[8][note 1].

According to the predictions, made by the municipality specialists of the city planning department of Vilnius, the number of inhabitants of Vilnius in 2030 could be between 630,3 thousand (pessimistic scenario) and 685 thousand (optimistic scenario) with the basic scenario of 651,6 thousand inhabitants within the city borders.[10]

Evolution

Demographic evolution of Vilnius between 1766 and 2024:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
176660,000—    
1796¹17,500−4.02%
180025,400+9.76%
181156,300+7.50%
1818²33,600−7.11%
182243,900+6.91%
183042,000−0.55%
183452,400+5.69%
183656,100+3.47%
183954,700−0.84%
184654,200−0.13%
185265,400+3.18%
186060,000−1.07%
187064,200+0.68%
187582,700+5.19%
1885102,900+2.21%
1897154,500+3.44%
1909205,200+2.39%
1911238,600+7.83%
1916140,800−10.01%
1919³128,500−3.00%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1923167,400+6.83%
1931195,100+1.93%
1939209,400+0.89%
1941⁴270,000+13.55%
1944⁵110,000−25.87%
1959236,100+5.22%
1970372,100+4.22%
1979481,000+2.89%
1985544,400+2.09%
1989576,700+1.45%
1990597,000+3.52%
1992644,600+3.91%
1995578,327−3.55%
1996571,164−1.24%
1997565,881−0.92%
1998562,353−0.62%
1999558,816−0.63%
2000554,281−0.81%
2001550,924−0.61%
2002550,213−0.13%
2003548,729−0.27%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2004546,773−0.36%
2005542,525−0.78%
2006541,732−0.15%
2007541,596−0.03%
2008542,969+0.25%
2009543,191+0.04%
2010536,127−1.30%
2011533,279−0.53%
2012537,152+0.73%
2013539,707+0.48%
2014542,626+0.54%
2015543,493+0.16%
2016545,280+0.33%
2017547,484+0.40%
2018552,131+0.85%
2019561,836+1.76%
2020569,729+1.40%
2021563,012−1.18%
2022576,195+2.34%
2023593,436+2.99%
2024602,430+1.52%
Source: [11][12]: 214, 303 [13][14] ¹ Sharp decline after the Vilnius uprising (1794); ² Decline of population due to Napoleonic wars and the aftermath; ³ Sharp decline of population of Vilnius because of World War I and the aftermath during the clashes around Vilnius. These resulted in evacuation of Russian military, bureaucracy and the majority of its Russian inhabitants from Vilnius in 1915, as well as fleeing or evacuation of other Vilnius inhabitants of various communities (mostly Jewish and Lithuanian) to Russia and rural parts of Lithuania;[15][16] ⁴ Rise of population due to influx of Polish and Jewish war refugees[17] and migration of Lithuanian bureaucracy, students from temporary capital Kaunas and other localities in Lithuania; ⁵ Sharp decline of population after atrocities of World War II and The Holocaust[18][19]

Vilnius inhabitants by ethnicity
Year Lithuanians Poles Russians Jews Others Total
1897[20] 3,131 2% 47,795 31% 30,967 20% 61,847 40% 10,792 7% 154,532
1916[21] 3,669 2.6% 70,629 50.1% 2,080 1.5% 61,265 43.5% 3,217 2.3% 140,840
1917[22] 2,909 2.1% 74,466 53.65% 2,212 1.6% 57,516 41.44% 1,872 0.77% 138,787
1919[21] 2,900 2.3% 72,067 56.1% 4,049 3.2% 46,506 36.2% 2,954 2.3% 128,476
1923[21] 1,445 0.9% 100,830 60.2% 4,669 2.8% 56,168 33.5% 4,342 2.6% 167,454
1931[23] 1,579 0.8% 128,628 65.9% 7,372 3.8% 54,596 28% 1,159 0.6% 195,071
1941[24] 52,370 28.1% 94,511 50.7% 6.712 3.6% 30,179 16.2% 2,541 1.4% 186,313
1942[21] 29,480 20.5% 103,203 71.9% 6,012 2% - - 1,220 0.4% 143,498
1951[21] 55,300 30.8% 37,700 21% 59,700 33.3% 5,500 3.1% 21,100 11.8% 179,300
1959[25] 79,363 33.6% 47,226 20% 69,416 29.4% 16,354 6.9% 23,719 10% 236,078
1970[21] 159,156 42.8% 68,261 18.6% 91,004 24.5% 16,491 4.4% 37,188 10% 372,100
1979[21] 225,137 47.3% 85,562 18% 105,618 22.2% 10,723 2.3% 48,785 10.3% 475,825
1989[21] 291,527 50.5% 108,239 18.8% 116,618 20.2% 9,109 1.6% 51,524 8.9% 576,747
2001[26] 318,510 57.5% 104,446 18.9% 77,698 14.1% 2,770 0.5% 50,480 9.1% 553,904
2011[27] 337,000 63.2% 88,380 16.5% 64,275 12% 2,026 0.4% 45,976 8.6% 535,631
2021[28] 373,511 67.1% 85,438 15.4% 53,886 9.7% N/A 43,655 7.8% 556,490
Vilnius inhabitants by ethnicity (results of the 2011 census)[29]
Number of inhabitants
Lithuanians338,758
Poles88,408
Russians63,991
Belarusians18,924
Ukrainians5,338
Jews2,026
Tatars934
Roma619
Armenians435
Latvians360
Germans341
Other2,065
Refused to answer13,432
Total535,631
Vilnius inhabitants by ethnicity (results of the 2021 census)
Number of inhabitants
Lithuanians373,513
Poles85,436
Russians53,887
Belarusians15,156
Ukrainians4,687
Other5,705
Refused to answer18,112
Total556,490

Vilnius inhabitants by the country of birth
Vilnius inhabitants by the country of birth (as of March 2023)[2]
Country of birthNumber of inhabitants
 Lithuania522,481
 Belarus37,197
 Ukraine29,336
 Russia20,834
 Great Britain2,330
 Kazakhstan1,938
 Latvia1,393
 Germany1,089
 Uzbekistan941
 Azerbaijan931
 Kyrgyzstan766
 Poland757
 Georgia688
 United States of America683
 India624
 Tajikistan540
 Turkey519
 Moldova510
 Ireland469
 Italy388
 Norway387
 Armenia380
 Estonia379
 France367
 Spain253
 China245
 Nigeria216
 Belgium209
 Denmark207
 Turkmenistan179
 Netherlands179
 Syria177
 Afghanistan170
 Cameroon151
 Sweden147
 Pakistan144
 Iran139
 Egypt125
 Israel103
 Finland96
 Hungary88
 Canada81
 Portugal81
 Brazil79
 Lebanon78
  Switzerland77
 Czech Republic74
 Austria70
 Thailand69
 Vietnam64
 United Arab Emirates59
 Argentina57
 Greece56
 Mexico56
 Australia54
 Romania49
 Bulgaria47
 Cyprus45
 Japan44
 South Korea37
 Serbia36
 Colombia35
 Iceland35
 Morocco35
 South Africa35
 Slovakia34
 Venezuela32
 Iraq30
   Nepal30
 Luxembourg28
 Indonesia27
 Tunisia25
 Saudi Arabia24
 Bangladesh22
 Ghana22
 Mongolia22
 Albania20
 Algeria20
 Eritrea20
Other countries421
Vilnius inhabitants by the country of birth (2021)[2]
Country of birthNumber of inhabitants
 Lithuania517,936
 Belarus25,591
 Russia18,731
 Ukraine10,158
 Great Britain2,239
 Kazakhstan1,598
 Latvia1,335
 Germany954
 Poland752
 United States of America618
 Uzbekistan578
 Azerbaijan496
 Georgia474
 Ireland470
 India408
 Moldova384
 Italy378
 Estonia373
 Norway364
 France341
 Turkey329
 Armenia316
 Kyrgyzstan297
 China283
 Spain254
 Tajikistan209
 Belgium189
 Denmark187
 Turkmenistan153
 Netherlands149
 Sweden140
 Nigeria122
 Iran120
 Cameroon114
 Syria109
 Serbia98
 Finland97
 Egypt91
 Israel87
 Pakistan79
 Vietnam79
 Hungary77
 Portugal73
 Austria70
 Canada70
  Switzerland67
 Czech Republic67
 Brazil64
 Afghanistan51
 Lebanon51
 Australia50
 Thailand49
 Greece46
 Mexico45
 Argentina44
 Bulgaria44
 United Arab Emirates41
 Japan40
 South Korea36
 Cyprus31
 Luxembourg28
 Iceland27
 Slovakia27
 Colombia26
 Romania26
   Nepal24
 Albania23
 Iraq23
 Morocco22
Other countries500

Elderships of Vilnius
Population figures of Vilnius by the city eldership (2021)[2]
EldershipArea
km²[30]		Inhabitants[31]Density
per km²
Verkiai5650,881909
Žirmūnai5.743,8807698
Pašilaičiai7.941,2185217
Antakalnis77.240,875530
Naujoji Vilnia38.639,1021013
Fabijoniškės5.938,0279275
Naujamiestis4.933,2066777
Lazdynai9.932,4103274
Naujininkai37.631,697843
Šeškinė4.629,8096480
Pilaitė13.928,3352038
Justiniškės3.026,6848895
Karoliniškės3.725,2506824
Senamiestis4.422,4115093
Vilkpėdė10.819,5191807
Šnipiškės3.115,7505081
Viršuliškės2.614,0965422
Žvėrynas2.613,7035270
Rasos16.311,666716
Grigiškės7.011,2461607
Paneriai84.810,537124
Undeclared inhabitants9,123
Total400.5589,4251472

See also

Notes
  1. Some inhabitants of Vilnius district were registered at Vilnius city healthcare facilities – the actual number of permanent city inhabitants within the city administrative borders must have been higher than official figures of 569, 588 or 589 thousand, but smaller than 643,965 (as of 31 December 2020)[9]

References
  1. WAR REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE, Statistics of Lithuania
  2. Statistics of Vilnius
  3. Lietuvoje mažėja ukrainiečių, kartais auga atvykusiųjų iš Vidurinės Azijos
  4. Number of foreigners living in Lithuania surpasses 200,000
  5. "Nuolatinių gyventojų skaičius apskrityse ir savivaldybėse metų pradžioje". osp.stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  6. "Vilniaus istorija". vle.lt. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  7. State Enterprise Centre of Registers of Lithuania
  8. "Health Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health". Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  9. "Inhabitants, registered at Vilnius city primary healthcare facilities". Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  10. Vilniaus miesto darnaus judumo plano santrauka, Vilniaus planas, page 48
  11. "Gyventoju skaicius pagal savivaldybes 2023" (PDF). Registrucentras.lt. 2023-01-05.
  12. Juozas Jurginis; Vytautas Merkys; Adolfas Tautavičius (1968). Vilniaus miesto istorija [Vilnius city history] (in Lithuanian). Vilnius.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. Lexykon geograficzny, dla gruntownego poięcia gazet i historyi z różnych autorów zebrany, przetłumaczony i napisany przez x. Hilaryona Karpińskiego, Z. S. Bazylego w prowincyi litewskiey kapłana i teologa. Po śmierci iego, z przydatkiem odmian, które zaszły, z wykładem na początku terminów geograficznych, i słownikiem nazwisk łacińskich na końcu położonym, do druku podany [A geographic Lexicon, for the thorough help of newspapers and histories from various authors collected, translated and written by x. Hilaryon Karpiński, Z. S. Bazyli in the provinces and a Lithuanian priest and theologian. After the death of iego, with the advent of variations that have occurred, with a lecture at the beginning of geographical terms, and a dictionary of Latin names at the end, printed for publication] (in Polish). Vilnius. 1766. p. 602. Mieszkancow zaś dufz liczy na 60,000.
  14. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XIII [Geographical dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries, Volume XIII] (in Polish). Warsaw. 1893. p. 493. Retrieved 10 March 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. "The Great War in Lithuania 1914–1918".
  16. Pukienė, Vida. "Voronežas – lietuvių švietimo židinys Rusijoje Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais". Istorija (in Lithuanian).
  17. Iš nežinios į nežinią: Antrojo pasaulinio karo atbėgėliai Lietuvoje [From one uncertainty to another uncertainty: World War II refugees in Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: National M.K. Čiurlionis Art Museum. 2015. ISBN 978-9955-471-55-4.
  18. "Resident population by city / town at the middle of the year". Vilnius. Statistics Department of Lithuania. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  19. "Resident population on 1 January". osp.stat.gov.lt. 2024-01-22.
  20. Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. – Вильна [First general census of the Russian Empire in 1897 – Vilna] (in Russian).
  21. Srebrakowski 2000, p. 129.
  22. Brensztejn 1919, p. 24.
  23. "Drugi powszechny spis ludności z dn. 9.XII.1931 r. Miasto Wilno" [Second general population census of 9.12.1931. Vilnius city] (in Polish).
  24. Srebrakowski 2020, p. 47.
  25. Snyder, Timothy (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999. Yale University Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
  26. "Gyventojai [Population]" (PDF). Statistics Department of Lithuania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012.
  27. Lietuvos gyventojai 2011 metais (2011 m. gyventojų surašymo rezultatai / Lithuanian 2011 Population Census in Brief) [Population of Lithuania in 2011 (Population Census 2011 results)]. Statistics Department of Lithuania. ISBN 978-9955-797-17-3. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  28. "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas". Osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  29. Lietuvos Respublikos 2011 m. gyventojų surašymo rezultatai, 162-163 p.
  30. Vilnius city elderships by the area
  31. Vilnius elderships by the number of inhabitants

Works cited
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