List of U.S. states and territories by population

The states and territories included in the United States Census Bureau's statistics for the United States population, ethnicity, and most other categories include the 50 states and Washington, D.C. Separate statistics are maintained for the five permanently inhabited territories of the United States: Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands.[1]

As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one-sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined, and Wyoming, the least populous state, has a population less than any of the 31 most populous U.S. cities.

Method

The United States Census counts the persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents and non-citizen long-term visitors.[2] Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state.[3]

Electoral apportionment

Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau is charged with making an actual count of all residents by state and territory. The accuracy of this count is then tested after the fact, and sometimes statistically significant undercounts or overcounts occur. For example, for the 2020 decennial census, 14 states had significant miscounts ranging from 1.5% to 6.6%. While these adjustments may be reflected in government programs over the following decade, the 10-year representative apportionments discussed below are not changed to reflect the miscount.[4]

House of Representatives

Based on this decennial census, each state is allocated a portion of the 435 fixed seats in the United States House of Representatives (until the early 20th century, the apportionment process generally increased the size of the House based on the results of the census until the size of the House was capped by the Reapportionment Act of 1929), with each state guaranteed at least one Representative. The allocation is based on each state's proportion of the combined population of the fifty states (not including the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands).

Electoral College

The Electoral College, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States based on the popular vote in each state and the District of Columbia. Each state's number of votes in the Electoral College is equal to its number of members in the Senate plus members in the House of Representatives.[5]

The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution additionally grants the District of Columbia (D.C.), which is not part of any state, as many Electoral College votes as it would have if it were a state, while having no more votes than the least populous state (currently, Wyoming). Since the U.S. Constitution guarantees every state at least one member of the U.S. House of Representatives and two members of the U.S. Senate, every state has at least three Electoral College votes. Thus, the Electoral College has 538 members (100 senators, plus 435 representatives due to the limit imposed by the Reapportionment Act of 1929, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[5] Territories of the United States such as Puerto Rico are not included in the Electoral College: people in those territories cannot vote directly for the President of the United States,[6] although they may participate in the partisan nominating primaries and caucuses.[7]

State and territory rankings
State or territory Census population[8][lower-alpha 1] Change,
2010–2020[8][lower-alpha 1]
Pop. per
elec. vote
(2020)[lower-alpha 3]
Pop. per
seat
(2020)
[lower-alpha 1]
% US
(2020)
% EC
(2020)
July 1, 2023 (est.)April 1, 2020 %Abs.Seats %
 California 38,965,19339,538,2236.13%2,284,2675211.95%732,189760,35011.800%10.04%
 Texas 30,503,30129,145,50515.91%3,999,944388.74%728,638766,9878.698%7.43%
 Florida 22,610,72621,538,18714.56%2,736,877286.44%717,940769,2216.428%5.58%
 New York 19,571,21620,201,2494.25%823,147265.98%721,473776,9716.029%5.20%
 Pennsylvania 12,961,68313,002,7002.36%300,321173.91%684,353764,8653.881%3.53%
 Illinois 12,549,68912,812,508 −0.14%−18,124173.91%674,343753,6773.824%3.53%
 Ohio 11,785,93511,799,4482.28%262,944153.45%694,085786,6303.521%3.16%
 Georgia 11,029,22710,711,90810.57%1,024,255143.22%669,494765,1363.197%2.97%
 North Carolina 10,835,49110,439,3889.48%903,905143.22%652,462745,6713.116%2.97%
 Michigan 10,037,26110,077,3311.96%193,691132.99%671,822775,1793.008%2.79%
 New Jersey 9,290,8419,288,9945.65%497,100122.76%663,500774,0832.772%2.60%
 Virginia 8,715,6988,631,3937.88%630,369112.53%663,953784,6722.576%2.42%
 Washington 7,812,8807,705,28114.58%980,741102.30%642,107770,5282.300%2.23%
 Arizona 7,431,3447,151,50211.88%759,48592.07%650,137794,6112.134%2.04%
 Tennessee 7,126,4896,910,8408.90%564,73592.07%628,258767,8712.062%2.04%
 Massachusetts 7,001,3997,029,9177.37%482,28892.07%639,083781,1022.098%2.04%
 Indiana 6,862,1996,785,5284.65%301,72692.07%616,866753,9482.025%2.04%
 Missouri 6,196,1566,154,9132.77%165,98681.84%615,491769,3641.837%1.86%
 Maryland 6,180,2536,177,2246.99%403,67281.84%617,722772,1531.844%1.86%
 Wisconsin 5,910,9555,893,7183.64%206,73281.84%589,372736,7151.759%1.86%
 Colorado 5,877,6105,773,71414.80%744,51881.84%577,371721,7141.723%1.86%
 Minnesota 5,737,9155,706,4947.59%402,56981.84%570,649713,3121.703%1.86%
 South Carolina 5,373,5555,118,42510.66%493,06171.61%568,714731,2041.528%1.67%
 Alabama 5,108,4685,024,2795.12%244,54371.61%558,253717,7541.499%1.67%
 Louisiana 4,573,7494,657,7572.74%124,38561.38%582,220776,2931.390%1.49%
 Kentucky 4,526,1544,505,8363.84%166,46961.38%563,230750,9731.345%1.49%
 Oregon 4,233,3584,237,25610.60%406,18261.38%529,657706,2091.265%1.49%
 Oklahoma 4,053,8243,959,3535.54%208,00251.15%565,622791,8711.182%1.30%
 Connecticut 3,617,1763,605,9440.89%31,84751.15%515,135721,1891.076%1.30%
 Utah 3,417,7343,271,61618.37%507,73140.92%545,269817,9040.976%1.12%
 Iowa 3,207,0043,190,3694.73%144,01440.92%531,728797,5920.952%1.12%
 Puerto Rico 3,205,6913,285,874 −11.81%−439,915 1*———0.981%—
 Nevada 3,194,1763,104,61414.96%404,06340.92%517,436776,1540.927%1.12%
 Arkansas 3,067,7323,011,5243.28%95,60640.92%501,921752,8810.899%1.12%
 Kansas 2,940,5462,937,8802.97%84,76240.92%489,647734,4700.877%1.12%
 Mississippi 2,939,6902,961,279 −0.20%−6,01840.92%493,547740,3200.884%1.12%
 New Mexico 2,114,3712,117,5222.83%58,34330.69%423,504705,8410.632%0.93%
 Nebraska 1,978,3791,961,5047.40%135,16330.69%392,301653,8350.585%0.93%
 Idaho 1,964,7261,839,10617.32%271,52420.46%459,777919,5530.549%0.74%
 West Virginia 1,770,0711,793,716 −3.20%−59,27820.46%448,429896,8580.535%0.74%
 Hawaii 1,435,1381,455,2716.98%94,97020.46%363,818727,6360.434%0.74%
 New Hampshire 1,402,0541,377,5294.66%61,05920.46%344,382688,7650.411%0.74%
 Maine 1,395,7221,362,3592.56%33,99820.46%340,590681,1800.407%0.74%
 Montana 1,132,8121,084,2259.58%94,81020.46%271,056542,1130.324%0.74%
 Rhode Island 1,095,9621,097,3794.26%44,81220.46%274,345548,6900.328%0.74%
 Delaware 1,031,890989,94810.25%92,01410.23%329,983989,9480.295%0.56%
 South Dakota 919,318886,6678.90%72,48710.23%295,556886,6670.265%0.56%
 North Dakota 783,926779,09415.83%106,50310.23%259,698779,0940.233%0.56%
 Alaska 733,406733,3913.26%23,16010.23%244,464733,3910.219%0.56%
 District of Columbia 678,972689,54514.60%87,8221*—229,848—0.206%0.56%
 Vermont 647,464643,0772.77%17,33610.23%214,359643,0770.192%0.56%
 Wyoming 584,057576,8512.35%13,22510.23%192,284576,8510.172%0.56%
 Guam[10] N/A153,836 −3.47%−5,522 1*———0.046%—
 U.S. Virgin Islands[11] N/A87,146 −18.10%−19,259 1*———0.026%—
 American Samoa[12] N/A49,710 −10.46%−5,809 1*———0.015%—
 Northern Mariana Islands[13] N/A47,329 −12.16%−6,554 1*———0.014%—
Contiguous United States332,746,351329,260,6197.36%22,585,613432
(+1*)		99.31%623,600756,92198.265%98.70%
The 50 states334,235,923330,759,7367.34%22,615,921435100%618,242760,36798.713%99.44%
The 50 states and D.C.334,914,895331,449,2817.35%22,703,743435
(+1*)		100%616,077—98.918%100%
Total US and territoriesN/A335,073,1767.10%22,226,684435
(+6*)		100%——100%—

* — non-voting member of the House of Representatives.

  1. Resident population only; does not include overseas population. In 2022, the Census Bureau announced the following undercounts (missed residents) in the 2020 census: Arkansas (−5.04%), Florida (−3.48%), Illinois (−1.97%), Mississippi (−4.11%), Tennessee (−4.78%) and Texas (−1.92%). These were the overcounts: Delaware (+5.45%), Hawaii (+6.79%), Massachusetts (+2.24%), Minnesota (+3.84%), New York (+3.44%), Ohio (+1.49%), Rhode Island (+5.05%) and Utah (+2.59%).[9]
  2. Effective from 2022 onward.
  3. Effective from the 2022 elections onward. Each state has a number of votes in the Electoral College equal to its number of senators (two) and representatives in the Congress, while D.C. is granted three electoral votes. The Electoral College is used to elect the President and Vice President of the United States.

Summary of population by region
Legend
Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and District of Columbia
Region totals – 4 regions (2 or 3 divisions each)
Individual territories
Total U.S. territories
50 states + District of Columbia
Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau
Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 1

Column header abbreviations: # = Rank, Geo. = Geographic

Population of states, territories, divisions and region[14]
    State/federal district/territory/
    division/region    		 #2020 pop.#2010 pop.#2000 pop.#2010–
    2020
    change    		Geo.
    sort
     Massachusetts 157,029,917146,547,629136,349,097217.4%NEng
     Connecticut 293,605,944293,574,097293,405,565470.9%NEng
     New Hampshire 411,377,529421,316,470411,235,786304.6%NEng
     Maine 421,362,359411,328,361401,274,923422.6%NEng
     Rhode Island 43 1,097,379431,052,567431,048,319314.3%NEng
     Vermont 49643,07749625,74149608,827402.8%NEng
           New England 915,116,205914,444,865913,922,51774.6%NEast
     New York 420,201,249319,378,102318,976,457324.2%MAtl
     Pennsylvania 513,002,700612,702,379612,281,054432.4%MAtl
     New Jersey 119,288,994118,791,89498,414,350255.7%MAtl
           Mid-Atlantic 442,492,943440,872,375439,671,86184.0%NEast
           Northeast 457,609,148455,317,240453,594,37834.1%USA
     Florida 321,538,187418,801,310415,982,378814.6%SAtl
     Georgia 810,711,90899,687,653108,186,4531210.6%SAtl
     North Carolina 910,439,388109,535,483118,049,313159.5%SAtl
     Virginia 128,631,393128,001,024127,078,515187.9%SAtl
     Maryland 186,177,224195,773,552195,296,486227.0%SAtl
     South Carolina 235,118,425244,625,364264,012,0121010.7%SAtl
     West Virginia 391,793,716371,852,994371,808,34450−3.2%SAtl
     Delaware 45989,94845897,93445783,6001310.2%SAtl
     District of Columbia –689,545–601,723–572,059–14.6%SAtl
           South Atlantic 166,089,734159,777,037151,769,160310.6%South
     Tennessee 166,910,840176,346,105165,689,283178.9%ESC
     Alabama 245,024,279234,779,736234,447,100275.1%ESC
     Kentucky 264,505,836264,339,367254,041,769333.8%ESC
     Mississippi 342,961,279312,967,297312,844,65849−0.2%ESC
           East South Central 819,402,234818,432,505817,022,81065.3%South
     Texas 229,145,505225,145,561220,851,820315.9%WSC
     Louisiana 254,657,757254,533,372224,468,976412.7%WSC
     Oklahoma 283,959,353283,751,351273,450,654265.5%WSC
     Arkansas 333,011,524322,915,918332,673,400353.3%WSC
           West South Central 540,774,139536,346,202531,444,850212.2%South
           South 1126,266,1071114,555,7441100,236,820110.2%USA
     Illinois 612,812,508512,830,632512,419,29348−0.1%ENC
     Ohio 711,799,448711,536,504711,353,140452.3%ENC
     Michigan 1010,077,33189,883,64089,938,444462.0%ENC
     Indiana 176,785,528156,483,802146,080,485294.7%ENC
     Wisconsin 205,893,718205,686,986185,363,675343.6%ENC
           East North Central 347,368,533346,421,564245,155,03792.0%MWest
     Missouri 196,154,913185,988,927175,595,211392.8%WNC
     Minnesota 225,706,494215,303,925214,919,479197.6%WNC
     Iowa 313,190,369303,046,355302,926,324284.7%WNC
     Kansas 352,937,880332,853,118322,688,418373.0%WNC
     Nebraska 371,961,504381,826,341381,711,263207.4%WNC
     South Dakota 46886,66746814,18046754,844168.9%WNC
     North Dakota 47779,09448672,59147642,200415.8%WNC
           West North Central 721,616,921720,505,437619,237,73955.4%MWest
           Midwest 368,985,454366,927,001264,392,77643.1%USA
     Arizona 147,151,502166,392,017205,130,632911.9%Mtn
     Colorado 215,773,714225,029,196244,301,261614.8%Mtn
     Utah 303,271,616342,763,885342,233,169118.4%Mtn
     Nevada 323,104,614352,700,551351,998,257515.0%Mtn
     New Mexico 362,117,522362,059,179361,819,046382.8%Mtn
     Idaho 381,839,106391,567,582391,293,953217.3%Mtn
     Montana 441,084,22544989,41544902,195149.6%Mtn
     Wyoming 50576,85150563,62650493,782442.3%Mtn
           Mountain 624,919,150622,065,451718,172,295112.9%West
     California 139,538,223137,253,956133,871,648246.1%Pac
     Washington 137,705,281136,724,540155,894,121714.6%Pac
     Oregon 274,237,256273,831,074283,421,3991110.6%Pac
     Hawaii 401,455,271401,360,301421,211,537237.0%Pac
     Alaska 48733,39147710,23148626,932363.3%Pac
           Pacific 253,669,422249,880,102345,025,63747.6%West
           West 278,588,572271,945,553363,197,93229.2%USA
     50 states and District of Columbia –331,449,281–308,745,538–281,421,906–7.4%NAmer
     Puerto Rico 13,285,87413,725,78913,808,6103−11.8%I.A.
     Guam 2153,8362159,3582154,8051−3.5%I.A.
     U.S. Virgin Islands 387,1463106,4053108,6122−18.1%I.A.
     American Samoa 449,710455,519557,2914−7.7%I.A.
     Northern Mariana Islands 547,329553,883469,2215−14.8%I.A.
    U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 6[note 1]6[note 2] 63166—I.A.
           Island Areas (Territories) –3,623,895–4,100,954–4,198,855–−11.6%USA
    State/federal district/territory/
    division/region    		 #2020 pop.#2010 pop.#2000 pop.#2010–
    2020
    change    		Geo.
    sort

    See also

    Explanatory notes
    1. Not enumerated in 2020.
    2. Not enumerated in 2010.

    References
    General
    • "National Totals: Vintage 2015". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
    • "2010 Census Tables". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
    • "Congressional Apportionment: 2010 Census Brief". U. S. Census Bureau. November 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
    • "2009 Census estimates". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 7, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
    • Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1995, U.S. Census Bureau, Section 29: Outlying Areas, Table No. 1347. Land Area and Population Characteristics, by [Outlying] Area: 1990 (page 828). Retrieved May 28, 2011
    Specific
    1. Geographic Terms and Concepts - Island Areas of the United States, U.S. Census Bureau, archived from the original on December 10, 2016, retrieved March 19, 2019
    2. "FAQ: Does the Census Bureau collect data on the number of unauthorized migrants?". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
    3. "FAQ: Will 2010 Census apportionment population counts also include any Americans overseas". U. S Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
    4. Wang, Hansi Lo (May 19, 2022). "These 14 states had significant miscounts in the 2020 census". NPR. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    5. Office of the Federal Register. "A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
    6. Shah, Dayna K.; Reich, Mary W. (November 1997). U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office. GAO/OGC-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
    7. Curry, Tom (May 28, 2008). "Nominating, but not voting for president". NBC News. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
    8. "US Census Quickfacts, Population Estimates, July 2023" (PDF). Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
    9. "U.S. Census Bureau Releases 2020 Undercount and Overcount Rates by State and the District of Columbia". Census.gov. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    10. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: Guam, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of Guam: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    11. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: U.S. Virgin Islands, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of the United States Virgin Islands: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    12. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: American Samoa, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of American Samoa: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    13. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    14. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
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