List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor
This is a list of European (as well as Australian and Japanese) colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Timor, an area equivalent to modern-day East Timor.
| Governor of Portuguese Timor | |
|---|---|
| Portuguese: Governador do Timor Português | |
Coat of arms of Portuguese Timor (1935–1975) | |
| Residence | Palácio de Lahane |
| Nominator | Prime Minister of Portugal |
| Appointer | Monarch of Portugal (1647–1910) President of Portugal (1910–1975) |
| Precursor | None |
| Formation | 1647 |
| First holder | António de São Jacinto |
| Final holder | Mário Lemos Pires |
| Abolished | 1975 |
List
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| Portuguese Timor (Timor Português) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Incumbent | Tenure | Notes | Head(s) of state (Reign / Term) | |
| From | Until | |||||
| Portuguese suzerainty | ||||||
| Subordinated to Portuguese India | ||||||
| 1 | António de São Jacinto Captain |
1647 | 1649 | In Cupão | John IV João IV House of Braganza (1647 – 6 November 1656) | |
| 2 | Francisco Carneiro Captain |
1649 | 1652 | In Cupão | ||
| 3 | ... Captain |
1652 | 1662 | |||
Alphonso VI Afonso VI House of Braganza (6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683) | ||||||
| 4 | Simão Luís Captain |
1662 | 1664 | |||
| 5 | Simão Luís Captain-Major |
1665 | 1666 | |||
| 6 | António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1666 | 1669 | 1st time | ||
| 7 | Fernão Martins da Ponte Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1669 | 1670 | |||
| 8 | Mateus da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1671 | 1673 | |||
| 9 | António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1673 | 1680 | 2nd time | ||
| 10 | João Antunes Portugal Captain-Major |
1680 | 1680 | Sent by the Kingdom of Portugal but refused by settlers | ||
| 11 | António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1680 | 1693 | 3rd time | ||
Peter II Pedro II House of Braganza (6 November 1683 – 9 December 1706) | ||||||
| 12 | Francisco Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1694 | 1696 | |||
| 13 | António de Mesquita Pimentel Captain-Major |
1696 | 1697 | |||
| 14 | André Coelho Vieira Captain-Major |
1697 | 1697 | |||
| 15 | Domingos da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim |
1697 | 1702 | |||
| 16 | António Coelho Guerreiro Governor |
20 February 1702 | 1705 | |||
| 17 | Lourenço Lopes Governor |
1705 | 1706 | |||
| 18 | Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor |
1706 | 1708 | 1st time | John V João V House of Braganza (9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750) | |
| 19 | Jácome de Morais Sarmento Governor |
1708 | 1709 | |||
| 20 | Manuel de Souto-Maior Governor |
1709 | 1714 | |||
| 21 | Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor |
1714 | 1714 | 2nd time | ||
| 22 | Domingos da Costa Governor |
1714 | 1718 | |||
| 23 | Francisco de Melo e Castro Governor |
1718 | 1719 | |||
| 24 | Manuel de Santo António Governor |
1719 | 1722 | |||
| 25 | António de Albuquerque Coelho Governor |
1722 | 1725 | |||
| 26 | António Moniz de Macedo Governor |
1725 | 1729 | 1st time | ||
| 27 | Pedro de Melo Governor |
1729 | 1731 | |||
| 28 | Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro Governor |
1731 | 1734 | |||
| 29 | António Moniz de Macedo Governor |
1734 | 1739 | 2nd time | ||
| 30 | ... Governor Ad Interim |
1739 | 1741 | |||
| 31 | Manuel Leonís de Castro Governor |
1741 | 1745 | |||
| 32 | Francisco Xavier Moraes Doutel Governor |
1745 | 1748 | |||
| 33 | Manuel Correia de Lacerda Governor |
1748 | 1751 | |||
Joseph I José I House of Braganza (31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777) | ||||||
| 34 | Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento Governor |
1751 | 1759 | |||
| 35 | Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito Governor |
1759 | 1760 | |||
| 36 | ... Governor Ad Interim |
1760 | 1763 | |||
| 37 | Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão Governor |
1763 | 1765 | |||
| 38 | ... Governor Ad Interim |
1765 | 1768 | |||
| 39 | António José Teles de Meneses Governor |
1768 | 1776 | |||
| 40 | Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses Governor |
1776 | 1779 | |||
Mary I Maria I House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816) & Peter III Pedro III House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786) | ||||||
| 41 | Lourenço de Brito Correia Governor |
1779 | 1782 | |||
| 42 | João Anselmo de Almeida Soares Governor |
1782 | 1785 | |||
| 43 | João Baptista Vieira Godinho Governor |
1785 | 1788 | |||
| 44 | Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa Governor |
1788 | 1790 | |||
| 45 | Joaquim Xavier de Morias Sarmento Governor |
1790 | 1794 | |||
| 46 | João Baptista Verquaim Governor |
1794 | 1800 | |||
| 47 | José Joaquim de Sousa Governor |
1800 | 1804 | |||
| 48 | João Vicente Soares da Veiga Governor |
1804 | 1807 | |||
| 49 | António de Mendonça Côrte-Real Governor |
1807 | 1810 | |||
| 50 | António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessõa Governor |
1810 | 1810 | |||
| 51 | Joaquim António Duarte da Silva Veloso Governor |
1810 | 1812 | |||
| 52 | Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão Governor |
1812 | 1815 | |||
| 53 | José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa Governor |
1815 | 1819 | |||
John VI João VI House of Braganza (20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826) | ||||||
| 54 | Gregório Rodrigues Pereira Governor |
1819 | 1821 | |||
| 55 | Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis Governor |
1821 | 1832 | |||
Peter IV Pedro IV House of Braganza (10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826) | ||||||
Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828) | ||||||
Michael I Miguel I House of Braganza (26 February 1828 – 6 May 1834) | ||||||
| 56 | Miguel da Silveira Lorena Governor |
1832 | 1832 | |||
| 57 | Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira e Lorena Governor |
1832 | 1834 | |||
| 58 | José Maria Marques Governor |
1834 | 1839 | Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853) & Ferdinand II Fernando II House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853) | ||
| 59 | Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente Governor |
1839 | 1844 | |||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 60 | Julião José da Silva Vieiras Governor |
1844 | 1848 | |||
| 61 | António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor |
1848 | 30 October 1850 | |||
| Separate colony | ||||||
| 62 | António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor |
30 October 1850 | 1851 | |||
| 63 | José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor |
23 June 1851 | 15 September 1851 | |||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 64 | José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor |
15 September 1851 | 8 September 1852 | Died in office | ||
| 65 | Manuel de Saldanha da Gama Governor |
1852 | 1856 | |||
Peter V Pedro V House of Braganza (15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861) | ||||||
| Subordinated to Portuguese India | ||||||
| 66 | Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo Governor |
1856 | 1859 | |||
| 67 | Afonso de Castro Governor |
1859 | 1863 | |||
Louis I Luís I House of Braganza (11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889) | ||||||
| Separate overseas province | ||||||
| 68 | José Manuel Pereira de Almeida Governor |
1863 | 1864 | |||
| 69 | José Eduardo da Costa Meneses Governor |
1864 | 1866 | |||
| Subordinated to Portuguese Macau | ||||||
| 70 | Francisco Teixeira da Silva Governor |
1866 | 1869 | |||
| António Joaquim Garcia Governor |
||||||
| 71 | Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes Governor |
1870 | 1870 | Did not take office | ||
| 72 | João Clímaco de Carvalho Governor |
1870 | 1871 | |||
| Manuel de Castro Sampaio Governor |
||||||
| 73 | Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor |
1873 | 1876 | 1st time | ||
| 74 | Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão Governor |
1876 | 1878 | |||
| José Alves da Costa Governor |
||||||
| 75 | Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor |
1878 | 1880 | 2nd time | ||
| 76 | Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho Governor |
1880 | 1881 | |||
| José dos Santos Vaquinhas Governor |
||||||
| 77 | Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira Governor |
1882 | 1883 | |||
| Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
Governor |
1st time | |||||
| Francisco de Paula da Lua Governor |
||||||
| 78 | João Maria Pereira Governor |
1883 | 1885 | |||
| Cipriano Forjaz Governor |
1st time | |||||
| 79 | Alfredo de Lacerda Maia Governor |
1885 | 3 March 1887 | |||
| 80 | António Joaquim Garcia Governor |
1887 | 1887 | |||
| 81 | António Francisco da Costa Governor |
1887 | 1888 | |||
| 82 | Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade Governor |
1888 | 1889 | |||
| 83 | Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor |
1889 | 1890 | 2nd time | Charles I Carlos House of Braganza (19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908) | |
| 84 | Cipriano Forjaz Governor |
1890 | 1894 | 2nd time | ||
| 85 | Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor |
1894 | 1894 | 3rd time | ||
| 86 | José Celestino da Silva Governor |
1894 | 15 October 1896 | |||
| Separate colony | ||||||
| 87 | José Celestino da Silva Governor |
15 October 1896 | 1908 | |||
| 88 | Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha Governor Ad Interim |
1908 | 1908 | |||
Emmanuel II Manuel II House of Braganza (1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910) | ||||||
| 89 | Eduardo Augusto Marquês Governor |
1908 | 1909 | |||
| 90 | Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor |
1909 | 1910 | 1st time | ||
| 91 | Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins Governor |
1910 | 30 October 1910 | |||
Teófilo Braga Provisional President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1910 – 24 August 1911) | ||||||
| 92 | Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho Governor Ad Interim |
1910 | 1910 | |||
| 93 | José Carrazeda Caldas Viana e Andrade Governor Ad Interim |
1910 | 1910 | |||
| 94 | Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral Governor |
1911 | 1913 | 1st time; served during the East Timorese rebellion of 1911–12 | ||
Manuel de Arriaga President of the First Portuguese Republic (24 August 1911 – 26 May 1915) | ||||||
| 95 | Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor Ad Interim |
1913 | 1914 | 2nd time | ||
| 96 | Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral Governor |
1914 | 1917 | 2nd time | ||
Teófilo Braga President of the First Portuguese Republic (29 May 1915 – 5 October 1915) | ||||||
Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1915 – 5 December 1917) | ||||||
| 97 | César de Abreu Governor Ad Interim |
1917 | 1917 | |||
| José Machado Duarte Júnior Governor Ad Interim | ||||||
| 98 | Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim |
1917 | 1919 | 1st time | ||
Sidónio Pais President of the First Portuguese Republic (28 April 1918 – 14 December 1918) | ||||||
João do Canto e Castro President of the First Portuguese Republic (16 December 1918 – 5 October 1919) | ||||||
| 99 | Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil Governor |
1919 | 1920 | |||
António José de Almeida President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923) | ||||||
| 100 | Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim |
1920 | 1921 | 2nd time | ||
| 101 | José de Paiva Gomes Governor |
1921 | 1921 | 1st time | ||
| 102 | Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim |
1921 | 1921 | 1st time | ||
| 103 | José de Paiva Gomes Governor |
1921 | 1923 | 2nd time | ||
Manuel Teixeira Gomes President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925) | ||||||
| 104 | Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim |
1923 | 1924 | 2nd time | ||
| 105 | Raimundo Enes Meira Governor |
1924 | 1926 | |||
Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926) | ||||||
| 106 | Teófilo Duarte Governor |
1926 | 1929 | |||
José Mendes Cabeçadas President of the Second Portuguese Republic (31 May 1926 – 17 June 1926) | ||||||
Manuel Gomes da Costa President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 June 1926 – 9 July 1926) | ||||||
Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951) | ||||||
| 107 | Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana Governor |
1929 | 1930 | |||
| 108 | Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares Governor Ad Interim |
1930 | 1930 | |||
| 109 | Antonio Baptista Justo Governor |
1930 | 1933 | |||
| 110 | José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira Governor Ad Interim |
1933 | 1933 | |||
| 111 | Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz Governor |
1933 | 1936 | |||
| 112 | Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro Governor Ad Interim |
1936 | 1936 | |||
| 113 | Álvaro Eugénio Neves da Fontoura Governor |
1937 | 1940 | |||
| 114 | António Jacinto Magro Governor Ad Interim |
1940 | 1940 | |||
| 115 | Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor |
1940 | 8 December 1945 | Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945 | ||
| Allied occupation of Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 116 | William Leggatt Commander of Australian forces |
17 December 1941 | 20 February 1942 | George VI House of Windsor (11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952) | ||
| Nico Leonard Willem van Straten Commander of Dutch forces |
17 December 1941 | 20 February 1942 | Wilhelmina House of Orange-Nassau (23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948) | |||
| Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 117 | Takeo Itō Commander |
20 February 1942 | 20 February 1942 | Commanding officer of Japanese landing forces | Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇 (1926 – 1989) | |
| 118 | Sadashichi Doi Commander |
20 February 1942 | August 1942 | |||
| 119 | Yuitsu Tsuchihashi Commander |
August 1942 | 22 November 1944 | |||
| 120 | Kunitaro Yamada Commander |
22 November 1944 | 11 September 1945 | |||
| Portuguese Timor | ||||||
| 121 | Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor |
1940 | 8 December 1945 | Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945 | Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951) | |
| 122 | Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas Governor |
1946 | 1950 | |||
| 123 | César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor |
1950 | 11 June 1950 | |||
| Overseas province | ||||||
| César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor |
11 June 1950 | 1958 | ||||
| 124 | António de Oliveira Salazar Acting President of the Second Portuguese Republic (18 April 1951 – 21 July 1951) | |||||
Francisco Craveiro Lopes President of the Second Portuguese Republic (21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958) | ||||||
| 125 | Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata Governor |
1959 | 1963 | Américo Tomás President of the Second Portuguese Republic (9 August 1958 – 25 April 1974) | ||
| 126 | José Alberty Correia Governor |
1963 | 1968 | |||
| 127 | José Nogueira Valente Pires Governor |
1968 | 1972 | |||
| Fernando Alves Adeía Governor |
1972 | 1974 | ||||
| 128 | ||||||
National Salvation Junta (25 April 1974 – 15 May 1974) | ||||||
António de Spínola President of the Third Portuguese Republic (15 May 1974 – 30 September 1974) | ||||||
Francisco da Costa Gomes President of the Third Portuguese Republic (30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976) | ||||||
| 129 | Mário Lemos Pires Governor |
18 November 1974 | 27 November 1975 | From 11 August 1975, on Atauro Island | ||
| Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor | ||||||
| Invaded and occupied by Indonesia (from 17 July 1976, annexed as East Timor province). Not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized by United Nations as Portuguese territory. | ||||||
| 130 | Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo [id] Governor |
3 August 1976 | 19 September 1978 | Suharto President of Indonesia (27 March 1968 – 21 May 1998) B. J. Habibie President of Indonesia (21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999) | ||
| 131 | Guilherme Maria Gonçalves [id] Governor |
19 September 1978 | 18 September 1982 | |||
| 132 | Mário Viegas Carrascalão Governor |
18 September 1982 | 18 September 1992 | |||
| 133 | José Abílio Osório Soares Governor |
18 September 1992 | 19 October 1999 | |||
| Referendum votes for independence 78% | ||||||
| International Administration (from 28 February 2000, under UN Administration; United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor [UNTAET]). | ||||||
| 134 | Sérgio Vieira de Mello Transitional Administrator |
25 October 1999 | 19 May 2002 | Kofi Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations (1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006) | ||
| Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor | ||||||
For continuation after independence, see: President of East Timor
See also
Further reading
- Huber, Juliette (2021). "Chapter 2: At the Periphery of Nanyang: The Hakka Community of Timor-Leste / 2.3 The Portuguese in Asia: Timor and Macao". In Hoogervorst, Tom; Chia, Caroline (eds.). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic voices across the Southern Seas. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 52–90. doi:10.1163/9789004473263_004. ISBN 9789004473263.
External links
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