Lianmuqin Formation

Lianmuqin Formation
Lianmuqin Formation
Stratigraphic range:
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Tugulu Group
Underlies	Donggou & Kumutake Formations
Overlies	Shengjinkou Formation
Thickness	213–360 m (699–1,181 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, siltstone
Location
Coordinates	46.0°N 85.8°E
Approximate paleocoordinates	45.0°N 81.9°E
Region	Xinjiang
Country	China
Extent	Junggar Basin
Type section
Named for	Lianmuqin
	Lianmuqin Formation (Dzungaria)

The Lianmuqin Formation,[2] also transcribed as Lianmugin Formation,[3] and Lianmuxin Formation,[4] is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation composed of "interbedded red green and yellow variegated mudstones and siltstones".[5][6] Dinosaur remains have been recovered from it.[7]

The formation is named after Lianmuqin Town in Shanshan County, Xinjiang.

Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asiatosaurus[8]	A. mongoliensis[8]	NW Junggar Basin
Kelmayisaurus[8][9]	K. petrolicus[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Maxilla and dentary."[10]
Xinjiangovenator	X. parvus	NW Junggar Basin		"Tibia [and] phalanges."[11]	Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis.[8]
Phaedrolosaurus	P. ilikensis	NW Junggar Basin		"tooth"[12]
Psittacosaurus[8]	P. xinjiangensis[8]	NW Junggar Basin
Tugulusaurus[8]	T. faciles[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Hindlimb, rib, [and a] vertebral centrum."[13]
Wuerhosaurus[8]	W. homheni[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Partial skeleton."[14]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dsungaripteridae indet.[15]	indeterminate[15]	Southern Junggar Basin			Not referable to Lonchognathosaurus or Dsungaripterus; likely a new taxon.[15]
Dsungaripterus	D. weii[16]	NW Junggar Basin
Noripterus	N. complicidens[17]	NW Junggar Basin
Lonchognathosaurus	L. acutirostris[17]	Southern Junggar Basin			Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii.[18]

Plesiosaurs

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Sinopliosaurus	S. weiyuanensis	NW Junggar Basin		Three vertebrae and a tooth.[19][20]	Dubious genus of plesiosaur.

Crurotarsans

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Edentosuchus	E. tienshanensis[21]	NW Junggar Basin

Turtles

Name	Species	Location	Notes
Dracochelys	D. bicuspis	Southern Junggar Basin	[22]
Ordosemys	O. brinkmania	NW Junggar Basin	[22]
Wuguia	W. efremovi	Southern Junggar Basin	[22]
Xinjiangchelys	X. sp.	NW Junggar Basin	[22]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

References

Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Sergey V. Leshchinskiy; Pavel P.Skutschas (12 April 2022). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research. 135: 105230. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13705230A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. S2CID 248136173. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
"Re: Kelmayisaurus a carcharodontosaurid". dml.cmnh.org. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
Lianmugin Formation at Fossilworks.org
I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 431. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..431D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x.
Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08483-8.
Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780231084833. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607
"48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
"A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
"Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
Augustin FJ, Matzke AT, Maisch MW, Csiki-Sava Z (2021). "Pterosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 312–321. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1910819. S2CID 233597623.
"Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.
Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID 53688256.
C.-C. Young. (1944). On the reptilian remains from Weiyuan, Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 24(3–4):187-205
Z. Dong. (1973). [Cretaceous stratigraphy of Wuerho district, Dsungar Basin]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang (II): Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica 11:1-7
Jinling Li (July 1985). "A revision of Edentosuchus tienshanensis Young from the Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Autonomous Region" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 23 (3): 196–206. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
Zheng, Daran; Chang, Su-Chin; Ramezani, Jahandar; Xu, Xing; Xu, Honghe; Wang, He; Pei, Rui; Fang, Yanan; Wang, Jun; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun (2023-05-10). "Calibrating the Early Cretaceous Urho Pterosaur Fauna in Junggar Basin and implications for the evolution of the Jehol Biota". Geological Society of America Bulletin. doi:10.1130/b36795.1. ISSN 0016-7606.

Bibliography

Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. Retrieved 2019-02-21.

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[1] Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Sergey V. Leshchinskiy; Pavel P.Skutschas (12 April 2022). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research. 135: 105230. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13705230A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. S2CID 248136173. Retrieved 13 April 2022.

[cmnh-2] "Re: Kelmayisaurus a carcharodontosaurid". dml.cmnh.org. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

[FWLianmugin-3] Lianmugin Formation at Fossilworks.org

[4] I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 431. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..431D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x.

[5] Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08483-8.

[google-6] Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780231084833. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

[dinosaurdistribution-7] Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607

[tugulu-8] "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.

[9] "A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-04-28.

[table-4-1-73-10] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.

[table-4-1-78-11] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.

[12] Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]

[table-4-1-77-13] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.

[table-16-1-345-14] "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.

[D21-15] Augustin FJ, Matzke AT, Maisch MW, Csiki-Sava Z (2021). "Pterosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 312–321. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1910819. S2CID 233597623.

[cmnh2-16] "Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

[epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de-17] Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.

[ACX10-18] Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID 53688256.

[Young1944-19] C.-C. Young. (1944). On the reptilian remains from Weiyuan, Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 24(3–4):187-205

[20] Z. Dong. (1973). [Cretaceous stratigraphy of Wuerho district, Dsungar Basin]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang (II): Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica 11:1-7

[paleoglot-21] Jinling Li (July 1985). "A revision of Edentosuchus tienshanensis Young from the Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Autonomous Region" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 23 (3): 196–206. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

[:0-22] Zheng, Daran; Chang, Su-Chin; Ramezani, Jahandar; Xu, Xing; Xu, Honghe; Wang, He; Pei, Rui; Fang, Yanan; Wang, Jun; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun (2023-05-10). "Calibrating the Early Cretaceous Urho Pterosaur Fauna in Junggar Basin and implications for the evolution of the Jehol Biota". Geological Society of America Bulletin. doi:10.1130/b36795.1. ISSN 0016-7606.