List of lighthouses in China

This is a list of lighthouses in the People's Republic of China, which includes mainland China and the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Lighthouses in Mainland China

NameYear builtLocation & coordinatesLight characteristic[1]Focal height (metres)[1]NGA no.[1]Admiralty no.[1]Range (nml)[1]
Báijiéshān Lighthouse[2] 1883Zhejiang
Al Fl WR 60s75112-18884P373822
Báilóngwěi Lighthouse[3] 1966Fl W 4s90112-20095P3316.118
Baishamen Lighthouse[4] 2000Haikou
Fl W 6s78112-20131F3347.9518
Banyangjiao Lighthouse[2] 1904Zhoushan Island
[5]
Fl W 3s[6]19.5112-18880P374014
Bàohǔjiǎo Lighthouse[4] 1962Wenchang
Fl W 6s54112-20128P3348.318
Běihuángchéngdǎo Lighthouse[7] 1980Changdao County
Fl(2) W 15s171112-18568P3892.525
Běijǐdǎo Lighthouse[8] 1990Rui'an
Fl(3) W 20s135112-19086P365025
Běishìdǎo Lighthouse[4] 1995Iso W 2s180112-20122P3348.3515
Běiyuányǔ Lighthouse[8] 2001Dongtou District
Fl(3) W 10s43112-19076P3660.416
Beiyushan Lighthouse[9] 1895Yushan Island
Fl(2) W 20s103112-18982P368225
Běizhángshān Lighthouse[7] 1998Changdao County
Fl W 10s102112-18536P389422
Biàndànjiāo Lighthouse[2] 2004Shengsi Islands
Fl WR 3s9112-18877.5P3740.818
Biǎojiǎo Lighthouse[10] 1992Haojiang District
Fl W 8s61112-19208P358820
Bīngmǎjiǎo Lighthouse[4] 1995Fl W 6s71112-20152P333922
Bo'ao Lighthouse[4] 2011Bo’ao
Fl(3) W 24s81112-20212P3348.4622
Chaoliandao Lighthouse[11] 1903Shandong
[12]
Fl W 10s[13]80[13]112-18668P381424[13]
Chéngshānjiǎo Lighthouse[14] 1950Rongcheng
L Fl (2) W 20s60112-18640P386425
Chēniúshān Lighthouse[15] 1987Lanshan District
Fl W 12s87112-18756P380624
Chìguā Jiāo Lighthouse[16] 2015Johnson South Reef
Fl W 8s52112-20290.12F2823.21
Ciangxingdǎo Lighthouse[17] 1932Changxing Island
Fl W 25s199112-18334P398325
Dàfàngjī Lighthouse[18] 1996Fl W 6s138112-19996P340418
Dàgǎng Dōngkǒunán Lighthouse[19] Liaoning
[5]
Iso R 12s[13]11[13]112-18260P40206[13]
Dagong Dao Lighthouse[11] 1988, Fl W 5s131112-18672P381815
Dàgū Lighthouse[20] 1978Bohai Sea
Fl W 10s36112-18500P390817
Dagushan Lighthouse[17] 1992Wafangdian
Fl W 20s79112-18334.3P398220
Dàjíshān Lighthouse[2] 1994Islands of Shanghai
Fl(2) W 10s92112-18868P374820
Dàmiàodūn Lighthouse[3] 2005Gulf of Tonkin
Fl W 4s39112-20093.5P3319.7818
Dàpéngshān Lighthouse[21] 1906Jintang Island
Fl(3) W 10s87112-18912P3716.416
Dàqiáodǎo Lighthouse[11] Qingdao
Fl(2) W 5s18112-18684P382215
Dasanshandǎo Lighthouse[22] 1905Dashan Island
Fl W 10s81112-18220P405823
Dàxīngshān Lighthouse[10] 1996Huidong County
Fl W 13s218112-19288P3581.29824
Dàzhàyán Lighthouse[23] 2000Hui'an County
Fl W 15s75112-19141P362718
Dàzhúshān Lighthouse[7] 1980Fl W 8s204112-18560P3893.515
Dézhōudǎo Lighthouse[10] 1997Dezhou Dao
Fl W 5s74112-19216P359118
Diaolongzui Lighthouse[17] 1998Huludao
Fl (2+1) W 20s41112-18387P396418
Dōngjīdǎo Lighthouse[24] 1959Fl(2) W 6s91112-18983P368116
Dongmen Lighthouse[9] 1916Xiangshan County
Dōngtíngshān Lighthouse[25] 1907Zhejiang
Fl W 10s55112-18936P371220
Dōngxiángdǎo Lighthouse[26] 1989Pingtan County
Fl(3) W 10s48112-19134P3632.316
Gǎn'ēnjiǎo Lighthouse[27] 1996Dongfang
Fl W 6s47112-20184P3357.518
Gap Rock Lighthouse[18] 1892Wenwei Zhou, Wanshan Qundao
L Fl W 6s43112-19590P351519
Gōngshān Lighthouse[2] 2005Zhejiang
Fl W 10s100112-18892.3P3717.75418
Guǎntóulíng Lighthouse[3] 1933Beihai
Fl W 3s129112-20092P332018
Guānyīnjiǎo Lighthouse[4] Danzhou
Fl(3) W 9s60112-20156P3338.418
Guìshān Lighthouse[18] 1998Wanshan Qundao
Fl W 5s57112-19618P3521.218
Gǔléitóu Lighthouse[28] 1993Gulei Town
Fl(2) W 10s114112-19200P360324
Hǎilǘdǎo Lighthouse[14] 1990Fl W 5s71112-18636P386615
Hǎijiāo Lighthouse[2] 2007Pudong
Fl W 6s58112-18864P3747.416
Hǎimāozǐtóu Lighthouse[14] 1980Rongcheng
Fl W 12s75112-18648P386225
Héngshā Lighthouse[29] 2001Hengsha Dao
Fl W 8s57112-18829P3754.6918
Hóngkǎn Lighthouse[30] 1992Leizhou Peninsula
Fl W 8s67112-20108P333621
Hòujīdǎo Lighthouse[7] 1882Changdao County
Fl W 12s104112-18556P389215
Hóuyǔ Lighthouse[31] 2001Port of Xiamen
Fl W 6s33112-19168P361516
Huangbai Zui Lighthouse[22] 1996Dalian
Al WR 10s95112-18236P401020
Huánhǎisì Lighthouse[17] 1997Suizhong County
Fl W 10s25112-18390P396015
Huāniǎoshān Lighthouse[2] 1870Zhoushan
Fl W 15s89112-18872P374624
Huáyáng Jiāo Lighthouse[16] 2015Cuarteron Reef
Fl W 8s52112-20290.11F2825.16
Huludao Jiao Lighthouse[17] Huludao
Fl(2) W 12s129112-18380P3965.518
Hutouyu Lighthouse[8] Dongtou District
Fl(2) W 6s103112-19084P365916
Jiangxin Lighthouse 
Jiàowěi Jiǎo Lighthouse[30] 1995Leizhou Peninsula
Fl W 6s34112-20104P332818
Jiàowěi Wān Lighthouse[30] Leizhou Peninsula
Fl R 5s39112-20106P333215
Jiǎzǐjiǎo Lighthouse[10] 2007Lufeng
Fl W 10s78112-19272P358518
Jigujiao Lighthouse[29] 2004Shanghai
,
Fl W 5s[13]52[13]112-18784P375324[13], 18
Jīmíngdǎo Lighthouse[14] 1953Rongcheng
Fl W 10s77112-18634P386715
Jīngtáng Gǎng Lighthouse[20] Laoting County
Fl(2) W 10s40112-18494P393418
Jìngzǐtóu Lighthouse[14] 1975Weihai
Fl W 15s92112-18600P387625
Jùnbìjiǎo Lighthouse[4] 1997Changjiang Li Autonomous County
Fl W 8s96112-20160P3338.220
Ju-Nui-San Lighthouse Qingdao
Kāishāndǎo Lighthouse[15] 1995Xiangshui County
Fl W 5s47112-18779.32P379818
Kōngtóngdǎo Lighthouse[7] 1997Yantai
Fl W 15s78112-18596P387820
Kuíshāndǎo Lighthouse[32] Fl W 4s76112-19091P3641.9515
Lǎoběishān Lighthouse[7] 2000Penglai District
Fl W 5s90112-18558P3895.8520
Láoshāntóu Lighthouse[11] 1954Laoshan District
Fl W 6s116112-18664P3850.615
Laotieshan Lighthouse[17] 1893Lüshunkou District
Fl(2) W 30s100112-18312P398625
Língāo Lighthouse[4] 1894Lingao County
Fl(3) + L Fl W 27s20112-20148P334215
Longteng Hangdao Lighthouse[30] 2007Donghai Island
Dir WRG 4s41112-20014P3372.115
Luò Yǔ Lighthouse[24] 1993Fl W 3s79112-19000P367016
Luódòu Shā Lighthouse[30] 1997Fl W 4s42112-20110P3358.520
Luòjiāshān Lighthouse[25] 1890Zhujiajian Dao
Fl(3) WR 9s40112-18932P371415
Mácàihéng Lighthouse[15] Dafeng District
Fl W 6.5s26112-18779.85P3794.19915
Matijiao Lighthouse[11] 1904Qingdao
[5]
Fl W 8s[13]9[13]112-18704[13]P3832[13]12[13]
Mòyédǎo Lighthouse[14] 1956Rongcheng
Fl W 15s28112-18652P386015
Mulantou Lighthouse[4] 1995Wenchang
Fl(2) W 15s88112-20124F3348.125
Nán'àodǎo Lighthouse[10] 2009Nan'ao County
Fl W 8s77112-19206.3P3587.7418
Nandaquan Lighthouse[22] 1995Jinzhou District
Fl(2) W 10s57112-18225P406520
Nándǐngxīng Lighthouse[2] Fl (2+1) W 9s129112-18879.5P3740.05515
Nángǎng Lighthouse[4] Haikou
L Fl R 5s39112-20145P3343.315
Nánpàotái Lighthouse[33] 2010Longhai District
Fl W 10s70112-19150.7P3612.19515
Nánpēngdǎo Lighthouse[10] 1994Nan'ao County
Fl W 12s92112-19206P3587.722
Nánpéngdǎo Lighthouse[18] 1997Fl W 9s191112-19986P3405.620
Nánshāntóu Lighthouse[20] 1991Qinhuangdao
Fl W 15s59112-18408P393720
Naozhou Lighthouse[30] 1904Naozhou Island
Fl W 5s103112-20000P335926
Niúshāndǎo Lighthouse[26] 1987Pingtan County
Fl(2) W 12s90112-19136P363224
Píngyǔ Lighthouse[8] 1998Wenzhou
Fl(2) W 12s62112-19086.5P364918
Pǔtúoshān Lighthouse[25] 1952Mount Putuo
Fl W 4s74112-18954P3714.14818
Qianliyan Lighthouse[11] 1979Qianliyan Island
Fl W 1584112-18660P385624
Qiliyu lighthouse[34] 1997Zhenhai District
Fl W 5s52112-18916P371618
Qīngyǔ Lighthouse[31] 1875Xiamen Bay
Fl(4) W 20s41112-19184P361018
Qīngyǔ Lighthouse[10] Fl(2) W 6s54112-19207P3587.6215
Qīngzhōu Lighthouse[10] 1997Fl W 6s107112-19290P3580.9815
Quézuī Lighthouse[7] 2010Changdao County
Fl W 10s75112-18559.1P3895.2215
Qígānzuǐ Lighthouse[14] 1976Weihai
Fl W 12s23112-18624P387116
Qīmùjiǎo Lighthouse[7] 2004Longkou
Fl W 5s71112-18532P389720
Rizhao Lighthouse[35] 1985Rizhao
Fl W 8s39112-18752P380818
Róngshùtóu Dǎo Lighthouse[18] 1989Pearl River Delta
Fl W 8s55112-19626P3521.3518
Shānbǎnzhōu Lighthouse[18] 1915Pearl River Delta
Fl W 5s32112-19812P346618
Shāngǒuhǒu Lighthouse[30] 1995Leizhou Peninsula
Fl(2) W 6s20112-20112P335815
Shatuozi Lighthouse[22] 1976Jinzhou District
Fl W 6s37112-18228P405918
Shéshān Lighthouse[29] 1871Shanghai
Fl W 6s70112-18780P376222
Shíbēishān Lighthouse[10] 1990Huilai County
Fl W 15s68112-19264P358622
Sìgèng Shā Lighthouse[4] 2007Dongfang
Fl(2) W 6s31112-20162P3337.8915
Sūshāndǎo Lighthouse[14] 1982Fl W 25s116112-18656P385820
Taiping Jiao Lighthouse[17] Wafangdian
Fl W 15s35112-18334.6P398120
Taizishan Lighthouse[17] 1993Bayuquan District
Fl W 10s131112-18335P397825
Tángnǎoshān Lighthouse[2] 1996Hangzhou Bay
Fl(3) W 10s41112-18892P371718
Táohuādǎo Lighthouse[25] 1997Taohua Island
Fl(3) W 12s110112-18940P3714.1415
Tiánwěijiǎo Lighthouse[10] 1955Jieshi
Fl W 7s83112-19276P358418
Tónggǔjiǎo Lighthouse[18] 1953Xiangzhou District
Fl(2) W 6s55112-19779P345218
Tónggǔzuǐ Lighthouse[4] 1989Fl(2) W 8s140112-20120P3348.418
Wàidōngjǔ Lighthouse[9] Fl(2) W 10s53112-18980P368916
Wàikējiāo Lighthouse[15] 2010Dongtai
Fl W 5s26112-18779.9P3794.17215
Wàizhèdǎo Lighthouse[14] Lidao
Fl W 8s49112-18644P386316
Wéijiādǎo Lighthouse[18] 2007Fl W 5s172112-19984P340618
Wéizhōudǎo Lighthouse[3] 2002Weizhou Island
Fl W 10s97112-20096P332618
Wǔtōng Lighthouse[31] 2010Xiamen Island
Fl(3) W 15s80112-19175P3618.38516
Xiàlàngdāngdǎo Lighthouse[24] 1963Fl(3) W 20s59112-19012P366516
Xiángzhījiǎo Lighthouse[23] 1993Shishi
Fl(3) W 15s51112-19150P3620.816
Xianjiǎo Lighthouse[22] 1987Dalian
Fl W 5s25112-18222P4060[6]15
Xiao Qingdao Lighthouse[11] 1904Qingdao
Fl R 6.5s28112-18688P3826
Xiǎogōngdǎo Lighthouse[11] Fl(2) W 6s50112-18670P381615
Xiǎoguīshān Lighthouse[36] 1883Zhejiang
Fl(2) W 10s75112-18904P372018
Xiǎojīndǎo Lighthouse[18] 2013Fl W 6s84112-19980P340715
Xiǎolongshāndǎo Lighthouse[17] 1932Fl W 5s69112-18316P398415
Xiǎopútái Dǎo Lighthouse[18] 1953Fl W 9s63112-19605.5P3521.118
Xiaoqushān Lighthouse[2] Daishan County
Fl(4) W 15s160112-18892.45P3718.8115
Xiǎozhúshāndǎo Lighthouse[7] 1951Fl W 5s104112-18564P389318
Xiàsānxīngdǎo Lighthouse[36] 1993Fl(3) W 20s79112-18896P373422
Xiōngdìyǔ Lighthouse[28] 1988Dongshan County
Fl(3) W 10s73112-19205P359816
Xītáishān Lighthouse[32] 1992Fl W 4s143112-19087P364818
Xiùyīng Lighthouse[4] 1894Haikou
Fl(2) W 10s40112-20132P334615
Yángwōtóu Lighthouse[15] 1995Lianyun District
Fl(3) W 20s125112-18760P380418
Yángxiǎomāodǎo Lighthouse[34] 1991Beilun District
Fl(2) W 10s49112-18956P3714.2215
Yángyǔ Lighthouse[37] 1994Tailu Town
Fl(2) W 6s101112-19091.5P3641.216
Yantai Mountain Lighthouse[7] 1988Yantai
Fl W 9s80112-18572P388220
Yīnggēzuǐ Lighthouse[27] 1992Ledong Li Autonomous County
Fl W 10s40112-20188P335722
Yuándǎo Lighthouse[22] 1925Dalian
Fl W 15s66112-18212P406420
Yùbāojiǎo Lighthouse[4] Fl(3) W 15s74112-20146P3342.7318
Yúlínjiǎo Lighthouse[4] Dongfang
Fl(2) W 6s62112-20164P333718
Yúxīngnǎo Lighthouse[36] 1872Daishan County
Fl(2) W 20s27112-18908P3716.815
Zhàoběizuǐ Lighthouse[14] 1891Weihai
Fl W 8s29112-18608P386815
Zhēlàng Lighthouse[10] 2007Shanwei
Fl W 8s40112-19280P358218
Zhènhǎijiǎo Lighthouse[31] 1989Longhai District
Fl(2) W 6s110112-19197P360724
Zhongjiang Pagoda Wuhu
Zhǔbì Jiāo Lighthouse[16] 2016Subi Reef
[13]
Fl W 5s55112-20289.62F2825.0222
Zhúzhōu Lighthouse[18] Fl W 4s185112-19594P352018

Lighthouses in Hong Kong

Following the establishment of British Hong Kong as a trade port in 1841, the first lighthouses in Hong Kong were planned and built to assist international navigation. The first lighthouse to enter service was Cape D'Aguilar Lighthouse in April 1875, which was operated by lighthouse keepers who received specialist training in London and lived in the lighthouse in one-month shifts.[38][39]

As of 2017, five lighthouse structures in Hong Kong that date from before the Second World War remain in operation: Cape D'Aguilar, Green Island (two lighthouses), Waglan, and Tang Lung Chau. All of them are listed heritage sites.[38] Lei Yue Mun Lighthouse has also been in continuous operation since 1902, but the structure was rebuilt in the 1950s.[40] In addition, Gap Island Lighthouse (also known as Mosquito Island, or Man Mei Chau from Cantonese 蚊尾洲, pronounced Wenwei Zhou in Mandarin), situated on an island due south from Hong Kong, was built in 1892 in collaboration between the British Hong Kong and Qing Empire governments; this lighthouse is now under Guangdong administration and is fully-automated using solar power.[38][41]

Name[42]ImageYear builtLocation & coordinatesClass of Light[1]Focal height (metres)[1]NGA number[1]Admiralty
number[1]
Range (nautical miles)[1]
A Kung Ngam Lighthouse 1924A Kung Ngam
Fl R 5s11112-19370P357011
Cape D'Aguilar Lighthouse 1875Cape D'Aguilar
Fl W 15s60112-19330P357620
Fan Lau Lighthouse 1936Fan Lau
Fl W 5s20112-19588P352414
Fan Tsang Chau Lighthouse 1977Conic Island
Fl(2) W 6s6112-19300P3580.955
Fo Yeuk Chau Lighthouse 1974Magazine Island
Fl W 1.5s8112-19437P3577.65
Green Island Lighthouse 1875[43]Green Island
Fl W 10s[13]37[13]112-19460P353816[13]
Cape Collinson Lighthouse 1876Hong Kong Island
[44]
Fl(2) WR 10s[13]50[13]112-19355[13]P3572[13]15[13] (white), 12[13] (red)
Kau Yi Chau lighthouse 1968Kau Yi Chau
Fl(2) WR 6s9112-19504P3537.611 (white), 8 (red)
Lam Tong Mei Lighthouse 1921Tung Lung Chau
Fl(3) WR 10s56112-19342P357419 (white), 10 (red)
Lan Kok Tsui Lighthouse 1990sBlack Point, Lung Kwu Tan
Fl(3) W 10s131112-19746P3526.215
Lei Yue Mun Lighthouse 1902Lei Yue Mun Village, Sam Ka Tsuen, New Kowloon
Q R5112-19381P35692
Lo Chau Lighthouse 1970Beaufort Island
Fl WR 3s37, 5112-19415P3576.810 (white), 8 (red)
Lung Kwu Chau Lighthouse 1921Lung Kwu Chau
Fl W 5s53112-19742P352615
Ma Wan Fairway Lighthouse 1990sTing Kau
Oc WRG 8s28112-19512P3532.28 (white), 4 (red), 4 (green)
Ngan Chau Lighthouse 1972Round Island
Al Fl WRW 10s28112-19420P3577.111 (white), 8 (red)
Pak Kwo Chau Lighthouse 1979North Ninepin Island
Fl WR 10s44112-19334P3575.610 (white), 7 (red)
Po Toi Lighthouse 1970Po Toi
[5]
Fl W 10s[13]67[13]112-19405[13]P3576.6[13]18[13]
Sha Chau Lighthouse Sha Chau
Fl(4) W 10s[13]28[13]112-19726[13]P3525.5[13]10[13]
Shek Ngau Chau Lighthouse 1972Shek Ngau Chau
Fl W 4s26112-19292P3578.312
Tai Long Pai Lighthouse 1964Tai Long Pai
Fl(4) R 15s14112-19349P3575.45
Tang Lung Chau Lighthouse 1912Tang Lung Chau
Fl W 5s37112-19520P3530.618
Waglan Lighthouse 1893Waglan Island
Fl(2) W 20s[13]69[13]112-19326P357824[13]
Wong Mau Chau Lighthouse 1978Wong Mau Chau
Fl R 5s23112-19296P3578.45
Yuen Kok Lighthouse 1960sYuen Kok, Lamma Island
Fl W 5s35112-19412P3577.210

Lighthouses in Macau

Name[45]ImageYear builtLocation & coordinatesClass of Light[1]Focal height (metres)[1]NGA number[1]Admiralty number[1]Range (nautical miles)[1]
Guia Lighthouse 1865Guia Fortress, São Lázaro
Fl(2) W 10s108112-19640P341616
Pedra da Areca Lighthouse Pedra d'Areca
Fl W 5s8112-19708P34423
Ponta de Ká-Hó Lighthouse 1923Ká-Hó Port, Coloane
Fl W 4s48112-19720P342012

See also

References

  1. List of Lights, Pub. 112: Western Pacific and Indian Oceans Including the Persian Gulf and Red Sea (PDF). List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2017. p. 301.
  2. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Shengsi and Qiqu Islands, Zhejiang". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  3. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Guǎngxī". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  4. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Northeastern Hǎinán". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  5. MarineTraffic, Wikidata Q18518862
  6. Russ Rowlett, Lighthouse Directory, Wikidata Q23581832
  7. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Yāntái Area (Northern Shāndōng)". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  8. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southern Zhejiang (Wenzhou)". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  9. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Xiangshan Area, Zhejiang". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  10. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Eastern Guangdong". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  11. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southern Shandong". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  12. Online List of Lights, Wikidata Q27101921
  13. NGA List of Lights, Radio Aids and Fog Signals, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Wikidata Q13872896
  14. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Northern Shandong". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  15. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Jiangsu and Shanghai". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  16. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the Spratly Islands". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  17. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southwestern Liáoníng". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  18. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Western Guangdong". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  19. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southeastern Liáoníng". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  20. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Hebei and Tianjin". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  21. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Zhoushan Island Area, Zhejiang". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  22. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Liaoning". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  23. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Quánzhōu, Fújiàn". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  24. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Central Zhejiang (Taizhou)". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  25. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southeastern Zhoushan Islands, Zhejiang". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  26. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Píngtán Area, Fújiàn". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
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  28. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Southern Fújiàn". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  29. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Shanghai". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
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  31. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Xiàmén, Fújiàn". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  32. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Northern Fujian". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
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  34. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of China: Hangzhou Bay and Zhenhai Area, Zhejiang". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
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  43. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Monument/en/monuments_86.php
  44. GeoNames, 2005, Wikidata Q830106
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