List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines

The Philippines has three metropolitan areas officially recognized by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) due to their prominence, population, size, and economy: Manila, Cebu, and Davao.[1][2] The most populous is Metro Manila, which comprises the City of Manila, 15 neighboring cities, and a municipality. The largest by land area is Metro Davao in Mindanao.

Cities and municipalities
of the Philippines
  Highly urbanized cities
  Independent component cities
  Component cities
  Municipalities
See also
world cities
world urban areas

Previously, NEDA recognized ten other metropolitan areas: Metro Angeles, Metro Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas, Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Dagupan, Metro Iloilo–Guimaras, Metro Naga, and Metro Olongapo. However, these ten were not included as official metropolises in the 2017–2022 Philippine Development Plan created by NEDA.[3] By 2025, the population of Metro Cagayan de Oro is expected to reach a level that would allow it to be reclassified as a metropolitan area.[4]

The official definition of each metropolitan area, as listed below, does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization. For example, the built-up area of Metro Manila has long spilled out of its borders into the adjacent provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal.[5]

List
Metro area [1] Population (2020) [6] Area [7][8] Density (2020) Managing agency
km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Metro Cebu 3,165,799 1,053.19406.64 3,0007,800 Metro Cebu Development and Coordinating Board[9]
Carcar 4.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 136,453 116.7845.09 1,2003,100
Cebu City 30.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 964,169 315.00121.62 3,1008,000
Compostela 1.8%|| style="text-align:right" | 55,874 53.9020.81 1,0002,600
Consolacion 4.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 148,012 37.0314.30 4,00010,000
Cordova 2.2%|| style="text-align:right" | 70,595 17.156.62 4,10011,000
Danao 4.9%|| style="text-align:right" | 156,321 107.3041.43 1,5003,900
Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 15.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 497,604 58.1022.43 8,60022,000
Liloan 4.8%|| style="text-align:right" | 153,197 45.9217.73 3,3008,500
Mandaue 11.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 364,116 25.189.72 14,00036,000
Minglanilla 4.8%|| style="text-align:right" | 151,002 65.6025.33 2,3006,000
Naga 4.2%|| style="text-align:right" | 133,184 101.9739.37 1,3003,400
San Fernando 2.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 72,224 69.3926.79 1,0002,600
Talisay 8.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 263,048 39.8715.39 6,60017,000
Metro Davao 3,339,284 6,492.842,506.90 5101,300 Metropolitan Davao Development Authority[10]
Carmen 2.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 82,018 166.0064.09 4901,300
Davao City 53.2%|| style="text-align:right" | 1,776,949 2,443.61943.48 7301,900
Digos 5.6%|| style="text-align:right" | 188,376 287.10110.85 6601,700
Hagonoy 1.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 56,919 114.2844.12 5001,300
Maco 2.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 83,237 342.23132.14 240620
Malalag 1.2%|| style="text-align:right" | 40,158 186.1271.86 220570
Malita 3.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 118,197 883.37341.07 130340
Mati 4.4%|| style="text-align:right" | 147,547 588.63227.27 250650
Padada 0.9%|| style="text-align:right" | 29,878 83.0032.05 360930
Panabo 6.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 209,230 251.2397.00 8302,100
Samal 3.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 116,771 301.30116.33 3901,000
Santa Cruz 3.0%|| style="text-align:right" | 101,125 319.91123.52 320830
Santa Maria 1.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 57,526 175.0067.57 330850
Sulop 1.1%|| style="text-align:right" | 35,151 155.2659.95 230600
Tagum 8.9%|| style="text-align:right" | 296,202 195.8075.60 1,5003,900
Metro Manila 13,484,462 633.11244.45 21,00054,000 Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
Caloocan 12.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 1,661,584 53.2020.54 31,00080,000
Las Piñas 4.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 606,293 32.0212.36 19,00049,000
Makati 4.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 629,616 27.3610.56 23,00060,000
Malabon 2.8%|| style="text-align:right" | 380,522 15.966.16 24,00062,000
Mandaluyong 3.2%|| style="text-align:right" | 425,758 11.064.27 38,00098,000
Manila 13.7%|| style="text-align:right" | 1,846,513 42.8816.56 43,000110,000
Marikina 3.4%|| style="text-align:right" | 456,059 22.648.74 20,00052,000
Muntinlupa 4.0%|| style="text-align:right" | 543,445 41.6716.09 13,00034,000
Navotas 1.8%|| style="text-align:right" | 247,543 11.514.44 22,00057,000
Parañaque 5.1%|| style="text-align:right" | 689,992 47.2818.25 15,00039,000
Pasay 3.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 440,656 18.647.20 24,00062,000
Pasig 6.0%|| style="text-align:right" | 803,159 31.4612.15 26,00067,000
Pateros 0.5%|| style="text-align:right" | 65,227 1.760.68 37,00096,000
Quezon City 22.0%|| style="text-align:right" | 2,960,048 165.3363.83 18,00047,000
San Juan 0.9%|| style="text-align:right" | 126,347 5.872.27 22,00057,000
Taguig 6.6%|| style="text-align:right" | 886,722 45.1817.44 20,00052,000
Valenzuela 5.3%|| style="text-align:right" | 714,978 45.7517.66 16,00041,000

History

In 2020, 54% of the Philippine population lived in urban areas[11] encompassing many cities. Growth in some cities has led to urban spillover in adjacent municipalities.

Metro Manila was created in 1975 with the establishment of the Metro Manila Commission. This commission, reorganized in 1986 as the Metro Manila Authority, was renamed in 1995 as the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). While MMDA has no power over the local government units (LGUs) it covers, it has worked with the LGUs to solve issues that affect all of them such as traffic management.

The practice of creating an intercity board or agency to determine the limits of a metropolitan area has become common. A number of proposals have been created to create similar metropolitan arrangements in other areas of the country. In 1997, Cebu created the Metropolitan Cebu Development Council (MCDC), which was renamed the Metropolitan Cebu Development and Coordinating Board (MCDCB) in 2011. In 2022, Baguio[12] and Davao created their own metropolitan boards. Other proposed metropolitan boards include ones for Bulacan and Bataan.

  • Metro Manila
  • Metro Cebu
  • Metro Davao

See also

References
  1. "Chapter 3: Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics" (PDF). Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. National Economic and Development Authority: 37–38. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  2. "Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics" (PDF). National Economic Development Authority of the Philippines.
  3. "Building Globally Competitive Metro Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). National Economic and Development Authority. August 30, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
  4. Encarnacion, Ronnie; Magnaye, Dina; Castro, Annlouise Genevieve (January 4, 2023). "Spatial Analysis of Local Competitiveness: Relationship of Economic Dynamism of Cities and Municipalities in Major Regional Metropolitan Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). Sustainability. 15 (2): 4. doi:10.3390/su15020950 – via ResearchGate.
  5. "Demographia World Urban Areas, 12th Annual Edition: 2016:04" (PDF). 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2017. Higher than other estimates, which are largely limited to the National Capital Region. Continuous urbanization extends into Cavite, Laguna, Bulucan [sic] and Rizal.
  6. Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  7. "Philippine Standard Geographic Code". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  8. "Philippine Standard Geographic Code". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  9. "What is MCDCB?". Mega Cebu Blog. March 2, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  10. Joviland Rita (April 27, 2022). "Duterte OKs creation of Metropolitan Davao Development Authority". GMA News Online. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  11. "Urban Population of the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Philippine Statistics Authority. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  12. Keith, Gaby B. "Metro Baguio Devt Authority now a law". The Manila Times. Manila Times Publishing Corp. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
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