1989 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa on 6 September 1989, the last under apartheid. Snap elections had been called early (no election was required until 1992) by the recently elected head of the National Party (NP), F. W. de Klerk, who was in the process of replacing P. W. Botha as the country's president, and his expected program of reform to include further retreat from the policy of apartheid. The creation of the Conservative Party had realigned the NP as a moderate party, now almost certain to initiate negotiations with the black opposition, with liberal opposition (the PFP) openly seeking a new constitutional settlement on liberal democratic and federalist principles.

1989 South African general election

6 September 1989

166 of the 178 seats in the House of Assembly
84 seats needed for a majority
Registered3,120,104
Turnout69.48% ( 1.64pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader F. W. de Klerk Andries Treurnicht Zach de Beer
Party National Conservative Democratic
Last election 52.70%, 123 seats 26.83%, 22 seats 16.12%, 20 seats[lower-alpha 1]
Seats won 94 39 33
Seat change 29 17 13
Popular vote 1,039,704 680,131 431,444
Percentage 48.19% 31.52% 20.00%
Swing 4.51pp 4.69pp 3.88pp

Results by constituency

State President before election

F. W. de Klerk
National

Elected State President

F. W. de Klerk
National

Although the National Party won a comfortable majority of seats (94 of 166) in the House of Assembly, the governing party suffered a setback and received only 48% of the popular vote, the first elections since 1961 in which the NP failed to win a majority of the vote. However, the first-past-the-post system, and a severely fractured opposition as well as the twelve appointed and indirectly elected members entrenched the NP's majority, allowing it to comfortably remain in power.

The Conservative Party (CP), which opposed any form of power-sharing with other races, failed to accomplish a breakthrough beyond its conservative Afrikaner backing as some had expected, but remained the official opposition with 39 seats. By some estimates, the party had received the backing of a slim majority of Afrikaners particularly in the Orange Free State, once the NP's heartland, but with very limited support among English-speaking voters.[1]

Before the elections, the liberal Progressive Federal Party (PFP) had dissolved itself and regrouped as the Democratic Party (DP), winning 33 seats, six seats short of retaking its position as the official opposition. In terms of vote share, it fell a quarter million votes behind the CP, but was favoured by its stronghold in the Cape Province and Natal.

House of Assembly (white)

The White Chamber of Parliament had 178 members, 166 of whom were directly elected (including a seat from Walvis Bay annexed from South West Africa, which was added in 1981) with 8 members indirectly elected by the directly elected members on the basis of proportional representation and four nominated by the State President (one from each province).[2]

The results of the election were interpreted by the government (based on support for the NP and the DP together) as a mandate from the white electorate to reform the apartheid system and seek a compromise with the African National Congress and its leader Nelson Mandela. Mandela was released half a year later, and the 1989 elections were the last under the limited, whites-only franchise and the Tricameral Parliament introduced in 1984.

Of the twelve appointed and indirectly-elected seats, nine were taken by the National Party, two by the Conservative Party and one by the Democratic Party.[3]

Two seats won by the Democratic Party were uncontested, while the National and Conservative parties were tied in the Orange Free State division of Fauresmith. A five-month court battle followed after the Free State Supreme Court ordered a recount, which eventually resulted in a majority of five votes for the National Party candidate.[4]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Party1,039,70448.1994−29
Conservative Party680,13131.5239+17
Democratic Party431,44420.0033+13
Herstigte Nasionale Party5,4160.2500
Independents8980.040–1
Presidential appointees40
Indirectly-elected members80
Total2,157,593100.001780
Valid votes2,157,59399.52
Invalid/blank votes10,3360.48
Total votes2,167,929100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,120,10469.48
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

Provincial breakdown

Province National Conservative Democratic Total
Transvaal34311176
Cape4221256
Natal1001020
Orange Free State86014
Total943933166

Cape Province

Constituency Region 1987
result
1989 winning party Turnout Votes
Party Votes Share Majority NP DP CP HNP Independents Total
AlbanyEastNPDP 6,060 52.6% 687 69.3% 5,373 6,060 11,510
AlgoaEastNPNP 7,094 62.7% 3,101 62.1% 7,094 3,993 11,315
AliwalEastNPNP 4,419 62.5% 1,840 71.4% 4,419 2,579 7,066
Beaufort WestWestNPNP 4,086 57.1% 1,067 80.2% 4,086 3,019 7,155
BellvilleWestNPNP 6,607 66.8% 4,666 65.1% 6,607 1,326 1,941 9,896
CaledonWestNPNP 7,211 72.3% 4,605 71.1% 7,211 2,606 9,978
Cape Town GardensWestPFPDP 5,975 63.0% 2,520 57.4% 3,455 5,975 9,484
CeresWestNPNP 5,390 64.7% 2,519 77.3% 5,390 2,871 8,335
ClaremontWestPFPDP 8,078 77.3% 5,720 61.9% 2,358 8,078 10,455
ConstantiaWestPFPDP 10,132 73.3% 6,478 67.3% 3,654 10,132 13,832
CradockEastNPNP 4,251 50.5% 1,359 81.2% 4,251 1,254 2,892 8,415
De AarNorthNPNP 4,402 53.1% 579 82.9% 4,402 3,823 8,292
De KuilenWestNPNP 9,997 66.6% 7,204 71.2% 9,997 2,187 2,793 15,009
DurbanvilleWestNPNP 11,597 57.0% 3,060 75.9% 11,597 8,537 20,334
East London CityEastNPNP 4,807 52.1% 446 57.0% 4,807 4,361 9,233
East London NorthEastNPNP 5,556 46.7% 500 65.7% 5,556 5,056 1,256 11,903
False BayWestNPNP 7,856 68.1% 5,931 66.4% 7,856 1,726 1,925 11,538
GeorgeWestNPNP 7,781 52.5% 3,967 73.4% 7,781 3,179 3,814 14,813
GordoniaWestNPNP 4,569 56.8% 1,119 76.8% 4,569 3,450 8,041
Graaff-ReinetEastNPNP 3,991 52.3% 1,381 80.4% 3,991 1,022 2,610 7,637
Green PointWestPFPDP 4,814 61.3% 1,823 55.0% 2,991 4,814 7,852
Groote SchuurWestPFPDP 6,285 75.1% 4,246 56.5% 2,039 6,285 8,374
HelderbergWestNPNP 10,540 55.0% 2,048 77.4% 10,540 8,492 19,173
HumansdorpEastNPNP 6,327 48.3% 2,261 73.6% 6,327 2,704 4,066 13,112
Kimberley NorthNorthNPNP 5,525 57.3% 1,560 70.2% 5,525 3,965 9,644
Kimberley SouthNorthNPNP 6,541 61.1% 2,658 70.1% 6,541 3,883 123 10,706
King William's TownEastNPNP 6,207 51.3% 401 65.8% 6,207 5,806 12,089
KurumanNorthNPCP 4,566 52.5% 435 84.6% 4,131 4,566 8,702
MaitlandWestNPNP 6,154 54.1% 1,405 57.0% 6,154 4,749 441 11,374
MalmesburyWestNPNP 9,099 71.1% 5,615 62.0% 9,099 3,484 12,792
Mossel BayWestNPNP 7,327 61.3% 2,805 78.6% 7,327 4,522 11,945
NamaqualandNorthNPNP 4,263 56.1% 959 76.4% 4,263 3,304 7,596
Newton ParkEastNPNP 7,197 57.0% 1,897 68.5% 7,197 5,300 12,628
OudtshoornWestNPNP 5,673 54.8% 1,039 80.0% 5,673 4,634 10,349
PaarlWestNPNP 7,059 61.7% 4,456 71.7% 7,059 1,748 2,603 11,441
ParowWestNPNP 7,362 83.3% 6,039 54.7% 7,362 1,323 8,842
PiketbergWestNPNP 7,935 70.3% 4,991 78.0% 7,935 398 2,944 11,294
PinelandsWestPFPDP 8,174 71.8% 5,021 71.3% 3,153 8,174 11,380
Port Elizabeth CentralEastPFPDP 5,505 59.7% 1,870 62.6% 3,635 5,505 9,228
Port Elizabeth NorthEastNPNP 5,117 65.7% 2,705 50.2% 5,117 2,412 119 7,792
PrieskaNorthNPNP 3,695 58.6% 1,150 78.5% 3,695 2,545 6,303
QueenstownEastNPNP 4,014 43.3% 1,108 75.2% 4,014 2,906 2,302 9,278
Sea PointWestPFPDP 8,879 79.0% 6,561 64.1% 2,318 8,879 11,237
SimonstownWestNPDP 9,282 60.7% 3,362 69.3% 5,920 9,282 15,280
StellenboschWestNPNP 5,772 61.2% 2,215 68.2% 5,772 3,557 9,435
Sundays RiverEastNPNP 5,778 55.6% 1,217 76.0% 5,778 4,561 10,383
SwellendamWestNPNP 5,724 57.5% 2,681 78.3% 5,724 1,154 3,043 9,947
TygervalleiWestNPNP 6,274 70.2% 4,260 50.7% 6,274 2,014 579 8,932
UitenhageEastNPCP 6,217 50.2% 126 76.0% 6,091 6,217 12,377
VascoWestNPNP 6,544 70.6% 3,899 56.3% 6,544 2,645 9,271
VryburgNorthNPNP 4,261 54.0% 659 81.5% 4,261 3,602 7,892
WalmerEastNPDP 6,798 53.1% 891 70.4% 5,907 6,798 12,798
Walvis BayWestNPNP 1,868 65.6% 912 57.2% 1,868 956 2,846
WellingtonWestNPNP 8,164 62.9% 4,743 63.6% 8,164 1,370 3,421 12,976
WorcesterWestNPNP 6,679 59.8% 3,409 73.4% 6,679 1,193 3,270 11,170
WynbergWestNPDP 7,253 63.0% 3,024 66.5% 4,229 7,253 11,515
Total for all constituencies Turnout
NP DP CP HNP Independents Total
Votes
68.6%315,967164,687106,4271,2620 592,194
53.4% 27.8%17.9%0.2%0% 100.0%
Seats
42 12200 56
75% 21.4%3.6%0%0% 100.0%

Natal

Constituency 1987
result
1989 winning party Turnout Votes
Party Votes Share Majority NP DP CP HNP Independents Total
AmanzimtotiNPNP 6,630 49.0% 1,722 67.3% 6,630 4,908 1,968 13,526
BereaPFPDP 7,779 68.2% 4,279 66.1% 3,500 7,779 11,403
Durban CentralPFPDP 6,326 63.4% 2,739 58.8% 3,587 6,326 9,978
Durban NorthPFPDP 8,376 64.7% 3,854 68.2% 4,522 8,376 12,955
Durban PointNPNP 4,102 47.0% 694 51.3% 4,102 3,408 1,177 8,725
GreytownPFPDP 8,235 51.4% 1,808 71.3% 6,427 8,235 1,318 16,010
Klip RiverNPNP 5,053 47.8% 1,916 70.0% 5,053 2,355 3,137 10,580
Mooi RiverNRPDP 6,612 54.0% 2,300 70.1% 4,312 6,612 1,256 12,253
NewcastleNPNP 6,054 50.8% 961 68.2% 6,054 750 5,093 11,909
Pietermaritzburg NorthNPDP 6,252 48.3% 620 68.8% 5,632 6,252 1,021 12,936
Pietermaritzburg SouthNPDP 7,332 48.8% 764 69.9% 6,568 7,332 1,057 15,037
PinetownPFPDP 8,957 61.7% 3,703 67.7% 5,254 8,957 241 14,519
Port NatalNPNP 5,620 49.6% 2,247 61.0% 5,620 3,373 2,310 11,336
South CoastNPNP 6,095 50.2% 1,525 71.9% 6,095 4,570 1,451 12,144
UmbiloNPDP 4,783 48.1% 725 59.3% 4,058 4,783 1,080 9,949
UmfoloziNPNP 5,010 42.3% 907 66.7% 5,010 2,437 4,103 11,564
UmhlangaNPDP 6,626 51.5% 1,406 70.1% 5,220 6,626 1,012 12,873
UmhlatuzanaNPNP 7,459 56.7% 1,881 60.1% 7,459 5,578 13,159
UmlaziNPNP 6,149 51.6% 2,835 61.2% 6,149 3,314 2,429 11,919
VryheidNPNP 5,825 50.4% 1,434 72.6% 5,825 1,072 4,391 256 11,558
Total for all constituencies Turnout
NP DP CP HNP Independents Total
Votes
66.2%107,077103,04332,803256241 244,343
43.8% 42.2%13.4%0.1%0.1% 100.0%
Seats
10 10000 20
50% 50%0%5%0% 100.0%

Orange Free State

Constituency 1987
result
1989 winning party Turnout Votes
Party Votes Share Majority NP CP DP HNP Total
BethlehemNPNP 6,373 48.2% 401 81.3% 6,373 5,972 716 159 13,232
Bloemfontein EastNPNP 8,515 57.0% 2,148 72.2% 8,515 6,367 14,951
Bloemfontein NorthNPNP 6,476 56.3% 3,204 68.7% 6,476 3,272 1,732 11,508
Bloemfontein WestNPNP 7,371 60.8% 2,696 72.1% 7,371 4,675 12,125
FauresmithNPNP[lower-alpha 2] 4,519 49.2% 0 86.7% 4,519 4,519 120 9,185
HeilbronNPCP 5,896 49.5% 124 81.2% 5,772 5,896 231 11,922
KroonstadNPNP 6,706 54.9% 1,294 76.4% 6,706 5,412 12,211
LadybrandNPCP 5,805 48.2% 70 86.3% 5,735 5,805 471 12,041
ParysNPCP 7,736 54.9% 1,413 82.2% 6,323 7,736 14,100
SasolburgNPCP 7,361 49.9% 22 71.7% 7,339 7,361 14,747
SmithfieldNPCP 5,080 50.0% 105 77.3% 4,975 5,080 10,151
VirginiaNPNP 6,911 47.4% 47 70.6% 6,911 6,864 680 88 14,587
WelkomNPCP 9,312 49.8% 856 71.8% 8,456 9,312 791 112 18,687
WinburgNPNP 7,538 54.0% 1,218 81.0% 7,538 6,320 13,947
Total for all constituencies Turnout Total
NP CP DP HNP
Votes
76.6%86,53384,5915,453966 183,394
47.2% 46.1%3.0%0.5% 100.0%
Seats
8 600 14
57.1% 42.9%0%0% 100.0%

Transvaal

Constituency Region 1987
result
1989 winning party Turnout Votes
Party Votes Share Majority NP CP DP HNP Independents Total
AlbertonPWVNPNP 7,161 47.8% 753 67.3% 7,161 6,408 1,325 14,982
BarbertonEastCPCP 7,708 54.6% 1,381 78.0% 6,327 7,708 14,109
BenoniPWVNPNP 5,957 44.5% 2,752 66.0% 5,957 3,205 4,212 13,394
BethalEastCPCP 12,383 56.4% 3,066 71.2% 9,317 12,383 210 21,967
BezuidenhoutPWVNPDP 5,618 46.6% 356 56.6% 5,262 976 5,618 162 12,063
BoksburgPWVNPNP 8,043 50.0% 2,390 69.4% 8,043 5,653 2,260 111 16,093
BrakpanPWVCPCP 7,543 50.4% 891 68.9% 6,652 7,543 729 14,969
BrentwoodPWVNPNP 8,997 48.1% 2,374 71.9% 8,997 6,623 3,016 18,691
BritsWestCPCP 8,831 60.1% 3,032 77.6% 5,799 8,831 14,687
BryanstonPWVPFPDP 10,947 71.5% 6,642 67.8% 4,305 10,947 15,320
CarletonvillePWVCPCP 7,918 53.0% 955 70.1% 6,963 7,918 14,940
DelmasEastCPCP 8,956 51.0% 581 75.2% 8,375 8,956 17,553
EdenvalePWVNPDP 9,358 59.4% 3,551 70.0% 5,807 9,358 451 3,551
ErmeloEastCPCP 7,695 53.6% 1,074 77.9% 6,621 7,695 14,363
FloridaPWVNPNP 7,566 51.0% 3,882 73.2% 7,566 3,529 3,684 14,826
GeduldPWVNPNP 8,285 45.9% 377 72.7% 8,285 7,908 1,826 18,046
GermistonPWVNPNP 6,198 47.5% 1,315 63.8% 6,198 4,883 1,953 13,054
Germiston DistrictPWVNPNP 7,000 46.0% 926 64.3% 7,000 6,074 2,088 15,207
GezinaPWVNPNP 6,421 49.4% 7 65.8% 6,421 6,414 13,010
HelderkruinPWVNPNP 12,113 50.8% 5,748 74.0% 12,113 5,302 6,365 23,832
HerculesPWVNPCP 9,379 59.8% 3,538 68.1% 5,841 9,379 371 44 15,673
HillbrowPWVPFPDP 3,971 49.7% 1,054 44.3% 2,917 1,079 3,971 7,997
HoughtonPWVPFPDP 10,003 72.7% 6,301 66.1% 3,702 10,003 13,752
InnesdalPWVNPNP 8,250 53.8% 1,509 76.8% 8,250 6,741 255 15,344
JeppePWVNPNP 4,593 54.2% 1,922 40.6% 4,593 2,671 1,189 8,480
Johannesburg NorthPWVPFPDP 9,511 73.9% 6,205 67.4% 3,306 9,511 12,874
Johannesburg WestPWVNPNP 4,247 42.1% 1,328 55.5% 4,247 2,919 2,870 10,088
Kempton ParkPWVNPNP 7,461 52.0% 2,196 67.3% 7,461 5,265 1,601 14,351
KlerksdorpWestNPNP 10,440 48.7% 495 72.3% 10,440 9,945 1,008 21,443
KoedoespoortPWVNPNP 7,477 46.9% 271 73.9% 7,477 7,206 1,200 15,958
KrugersdorpPWVNPNP 8,188 52.8% 949 69.3% 8,188 7,239 15,518
LanglaagtePWVNPNP 6,580 56.6% 1,701 59.3% 6,580 4,879 11,618
LichtenburgWestCPCP 7,906 62.4% 3,195 79.1% 4,711 7,906 12,663
LosbergPWVCPCP 8,342 54.0% 1,302 66.7% 7,040 8,342 15,459
LydenburgEastNPCP 6,753 50.9% 870 78.4% 5,883 6,753 332 165 13,266
MaraisburgPWVNPCP 5,340 50.0% 214 52.3% 5,126 5,340 71 10,679
MeyertonPWVNPCP 9,069 44.7% 7 70.6% 9,062 9,069 2,112 20,285
MiddelburgEastCPCP 10,472 57.8% 3,688 74.7% 6,784 10,472 609 230 18,113
ModderfonteinPWVNPNP 10,269 50.4% 4,159 68.4% 10,269 6,110 3,972 20,392
NelspruitEastNPNP 7,417 46.8% 496 73.9% 7,417 6,921 1,472 15,833
NigelPWVCPCP 9,466 52.7% 1,207 75.3% 8,259 9,466 193 17,969
North RandPWVNPDP 13,542 42.6% 2,305 72.9% 11,237 6,901 13,542 31,820
OvervaalPWVCPCP 8,589 54.2% 1,426 65.4% 7,163 8,589 15,849
ParktownPWVPFPDP 8,804 75.1% 6,004 65.1% 2,800 8,804 11,730
PietersburgNorthCPCP 9,174 53.8% 1,356 74.8% 9,174 7,818 17,061
PotchefstroomWestNPNP 8,684 54.8% 1,583 76.3% 8,684 7,101 15,846
PotgietersrusNorthCPCP 9,090 60.0% 3,141 80.8% 5,949 9,090 15,146
Pretoria CentralPWVNPNP 5,916 54.7% 1,969 57.3% 5,916 3,947 776 140 10,819
Pretoria EastPWVNPNP 17,237 55.0% 10,099 80.6% 17,237 7,138 6,875 31,341
Pretoria WestPWVNPCP 8,085 57.1% 2,149 59.2% 5,936 8,085 14,148
PrimrosePWVNPNP 7,253 54.8% 1,359 68.4% 7,253 5,894 13,244
RandburgPWVIndDP 8,481 52.9% 1,714 74.1% 6,767 755 8,481 16,038
RandfonteinPWVCPCP 9,060 59.3% 2,902 58.8% 6,158 9,060 15,278
RissikPWVNPNP 6,778 52.6% 3,533 69.0% 6,778 3,245 2,817 12,893
RoodeplaatPWVNPCP 9,983 50.9% 565 74.7% 9,418 9,983 19,629
RoodepoortPWVCPCP 7,724 52.3% 796 66.1% 6,928 7,724 14,759
RosettenvillePWVNPNP 6,195 55.9% 3,282 58.4% 6,195 2,913 1,945 11,083
RustenburgWestNPCP 8,921 53.8% 1,502 68.9% 7,419 8,921 183 16,591
SandtonPWVPFPDP 100% Unopposed
Schweizer-RenekeWestCPCP 7,146 57.4% 1,892 83.8% 5,254 7,146 12,459
SoutpansbergNorthCPCP 8,130 51.4% 530 84.3% 7,600 8,130 15,807
SpringsPWVNPNP 6,622 49.0% 1,241 68.8% 6,622 5,381 1,473 13,507
StandertonEastCPCP 9,081 56.9% 2,249 74.1% 6,832 9,081 15,970
StilfonteinWestNPCP 5,865 59.6% 1,926 67.3% 3,939 5,865 9,840
SunnysidePWVNPNP 6,374 51.6% 3,073 67.4% 6,374 3,301 2,623 12,341
TurffonteinPWVNPNP 7,957 49.9% 3,958 63.4% 7,957 3,999 3,961 15,939
VanderbijlparkPWVNPNP 10,295 59.2% 3,246 67.7% 10,295 7,049 17,401
VentersdorpWestCPCP 7,488 57.2% 2,106 77.4% 5,382 7,488 152 13,083
VereenigingPWVNPNP 7,199 47.1% 5 70.4% 7,199 7,194 863 15,292
VerwoerdburgPWVNPNP 12,085 56.4% 5,524 79.4% 12,085 6,561 2,753 21,445
WaterbergNorthCPCP 8,746 60.2% 3,990 77.4% 4,756 8,746 1,015 14,530
WaterkloofPWVNPNP 8,220 48.8% 2,307 82.8% 8,220 2,667 5,913 16,837
WestdenePWVNPNP 6,974 49.7% 2,647 70.5% 6,974 2,691 4,327 14,020
WitbankEastCPCP 9,596 53.1% 2,091 69.0% 7,505 9,596 949 18,083
WonderboomPWVNPCP 11,703 51.4% 905 75.6% 10,798 11,703 212 22,760
YeovillePWVPFPDP 100% Unopposed
Total for all constituencies Turnout
NP CP DP HNP Independents Total
Votes
67.9%528,170460,829159,3333,308657 1,157,193
45.6% 39.8%13.8%0.3%0.1% 100.0%
Seats
34 311100 76
44.7% 40.8%14.5%0%0% 100.0%

House of Representatives (coloured)

All five appointed and indirectly-elected seats were taken by the Labour Party.[2]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Labour Party171,93066.5969–7
Democratic Reform Party39,74115.395New
United Democratic Party19,8617.693New
Freedom Party1,9490.7510
Independents24,7059.572+1
Presidential appointees2New
Indirectly-elected members3New
Total258,186100.0085+5
Valid votes258,18698.90
Invalid/blank votes2,8611.10
Total votes261,047100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,439,11218.14
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

House of Delegates (Indian)

Of the five appointed and indirectly-elected seats, three were taken by Solidarity, one by the National People’s Party and one by the Merit People's Party.[2]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Solidarity58,21638.0216–1
National People's Party38,52325.168–10
Democratic Party10,4276.813New
National Federal Party8,0585.261+1
People's Party of South Africa6,0643.961New
United Party2,7121.770New
Merit People's Party2,0781.363New
Progressive Independent Party1,4970.980–1
Freedom Party7030.462New
Republican Party7010.460New
Independents24,15715.776+2
Presidential appointees2New
Indirectly-elected members3New
Total153,136100.00450
Valid votes153,13699.10
Invalid/blank votes1,3880.90
Total votes154,524100.00
Registered voters/turnout663,60423.29
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

References

  1. The Star, 24 May 1987
  2. 1981 House of Assembly Election African Elections Database
  3. South Africa: Parliamentary Chamber: House of Assembly: Elections held in 1989 Inter-Parliamentary Union
  4. Aucamp, J.M. (2010) Die Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika se laaste dekade as regerende party, 1984-1994, page 242
  5. Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, pp832–837 ISBN 0-19-829645-2

Notes

  1. Progressive Federal Party and New Republic Party combined.
  2. Seat awarded to the National Party after court-ordered recount
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