List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements
See also: Southernmost settlements
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation) Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] McMurdo Station, Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E
Town > 1,000 people Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
City > 50,000 people Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W
City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas, Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W
City > 250,000 people Christchurch, New Zealand 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E
City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata, Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne, Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo, Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W

Geography
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea 78°30′S 164°20′W
Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W

Islands
See also: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island 81°28′S 161°54′E
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island 77°50′S 166°40′E
Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island 59°27′S 27°18′W
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile 55°02′S 56°27′W
Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand 46°40′S 169°00′E
Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia 29°57′S 159°04′E

The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole[2] 90°S 0°E
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America[3] 53°54′S 71°18′W
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Southern Ocean[4][5] 80th parallel south
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli) Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina[6] 47°06′00″S 66°29′01″W
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[7] 52°22′57″S 68°24′36″W
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) Refuge Islands[8][9] 68°21′S 67°10′W
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica Ross Sea[10] 75th parallel south

Plants
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[11] 90°00′S 139°16′W
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[12] 68°42′S 67°32′W
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[13] 55°58′S 67°15′W
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego, Chile[14][15] 54°20′S 70°7′W
Palms (nīkau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand[16] 44°02′S 176°26′W

Agriculture
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Cattle farm Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[17] 54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W
Cherry orchard Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[18] 46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W
Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile[19] 52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W
Rice field San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile[20][21] 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W
Vineyard Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile[22] 46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W

Education
Item Place Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[23] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E
University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[24] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W
Kindergarten Puerto Williams,[25] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile[26] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[27] 63°24′S 57°00′W

Science and technology
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Permanent scientific
research station		 Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Planetarium Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[28] 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E
Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina[29] 33°58′S 59°12′W
Atucha II, Argentina 33°58′S 59°12′W

Historical sites and archaeological findings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[30] Chile. 55°58′19″S 67°15′50″W

Transportation
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W
Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[31] 77°51′S 166°40′E
Narrow gauge railway Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[32][33]

The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[32]

 66°40′S 140°01′E
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°50′S 68°17′W
Traffic light Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W
Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[34] 54°48′S 68°18′W
Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[35] 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E
Electrified railway Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E
Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[36] 34°38′35″S 58°27′42″W
Underground railway station Flagstaff railway station, Melbourne, Australia 37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E
Tramway system Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E (southernmost point of route)

Recreation

Sport
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[37] 46°53′57″S 168°07′43″E
Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[38] 54°43′S 68°00′W
Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[39] 54°49′52″S 68°25′02″E

Religious buildings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[40][41] 77°52′S 34°37′W
Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica 62°12′S 58°58′W
Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile[42] 54°56′S 67°37′W
Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[43] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[44] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[45] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E
Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[46][47] 45°52′S 170°30′E
Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[48] 45°51′S 170°39′E
Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[49] 41°12′S 174°57′E

Shops and service facilities
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Tourist office Puerto Williams,[50] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W
Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula 62°14′S 58°40′W
Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[52] 64°49′S 63°30′W
Bar Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W
Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica[54] 77°51′S 166°40′E

International brand names
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Mercedes-Benz retailer Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W
Toyota retailer Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W
Volkswagen retailer Ushuaia, Argentina 54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W
Mobil petrol station Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [55]
Tesla retailer Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E [56]
H&M Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [57]
Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [58]
Aldi Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia 38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E
7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [59]
ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [60]
IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E
Zara Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia 37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E

Franchised food brands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Hard Rock Café Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W
Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas, Chile 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W
Pizza Hut Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E
Subway Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E
McDonald's Invercargill, New Zealand[61] 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E
KFC Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E
Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand[62] 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E
Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand[63] 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E
Wendy's Dunedin, New Zealand[64] 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E
Taco Bell Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand 45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E
Denny's Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E
Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
Item Place Latitude/longitude
National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W
Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[65]
Aviary Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand 46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E
Botanical garden Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina[66] 54°47′07″S 68°16′56″W

Other
Item Place Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[67] 90°00′S 45°00′E (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[68] 47°09′S 70°40′W
Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E
Opera house Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand 45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E
High-rise building Cue Building,[69] Invercargill, New Zealand 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E
Mine Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[70] 52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W
Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[71] 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W
Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[72] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W
Bell tower Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand 46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E
Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] 63°24′S 57°00′W
Cemetery Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[74] 66°32′S 93°00′E

See also

References
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