Taiwanese Braille

Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin (Guoyu).[1] Although based marginally on international braille, most consonants have been reassigned;[2] also, like Chinese Braille, Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary.

Taiwanese Braille
⠅⠒⠂⠳⠈⠀⠙⠞⠈⠓⠱⠐
Script type
Print basis
Zhuyin
LanguagesStandard Mandarin
Related scripts
Parent systems
Night writing

An example is,

國語點字記號
ㄍㄨㄛˊㄩˇㄉㄧㄢˇㄗㄭˋㄐㄧˋㄏㄠˋ
guóyǔdiǎnzìjìhào

Charts

Initials
Zhuyin ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙ
Pinyin bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcs
Braille

The braille letters for zhuyin/pinyin ㄍ g (/k/), ㄘ c (/tsʰ/), and ㄙ s (/s/) double for the alveolo-palatal consonants ㄐ j (/tɕ/), ㄑ q (/tɕʰ/), and ㄒ x (/ɕ/).[3] The latter are followed by close front vowels, namely ㄧ i (/i/) and ㄩ ü (/y/), so the distinction between g, c, s (or z, k, h) and j, q, x in zhuyin and pinyin is redundant.

Medial + rime

Each medial + rime in zhuyin is written with a single letter in braille.

Zhuyin /ㄦㄚㄛㄜㄝㄞㄟㄠㄡㄢㄣㄤㄥ
Pinyin -i/eraoeêaieiaoouanenangeng
Braille
Zhuyin ㄧㄧㄚㄧㄛㄧㄝㄧㄞㄧㄠㄧㄡㄧㄢㄧㄣㄧㄤㄧㄥ
Pinyin iiaioieiaiiaoiuianinianging
Braille
Zhuyin ㄨㄨㄚㄨㄛㄨㄞㄨㄟㄨㄢㄨㄣㄨㄤㄨㄥ
Pinyin uuauouaiuiuanunuangong
Braille
Zhuyin ㄩㄩㄝㄩㄢㄩㄣㄩㄥ
Pinyin üüeüanüniong
Braille

⠱ is used for both the empty rime -i ([ɨ]), which is not written in zhuyin, and the rime ㄦ er ([ɐɚ]). See for example 斯 sī (⠑⠱⠄) located above the word Daguerre in the image at right.

Tone Marks
Tone:12340
Zhuyin —ˊˇˋ˙
Pinyin ˉˊˇˋ—
Braille ⠄ ⠂ ⠈ ⠐ ⠁

Tone is always marked.[4] This includes toneless syllables such as 了 le, rendered ⠉⠮⠁lė in the image above-right.

Punctuation marks

Punctuation[5]

Print 。 ・，；、？！：
Braille ⠤ ⠆ ⠰ ⠠ ⠕ ⠇ ⠒⠒
Print ＿＿﹏﹏……——— ——※◎
Braille ⠰⠰ ⠠⠤ ⠐⠐⠐ ⠐⠂ ⠐⠂ ⠐⠂ ⠈⠼ ⠪⠕
Print 「 ... 」『 ... 』（ ... ）〔 ... 〕｛ ... ｝
Braille ⠰⠤ ... ⠤⠆ ⠦⠦ ... ⠴⠴ ⠪ ... ⠕ ⠯ ... ⠽ ⠦ ... ⠴

References
  1. Not for Taiwanese Hokkien, which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"
  2. Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.
  3. [sic] One might expect ㄐ j (/tɕ/) to pair with ㄗ z (/ts/), by analogy with the others. Compare here, where the character 學 xué is rendered ⠑⠦⠂ "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s, the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x.
  4. "JAPANESE BRAILLE. : languagehat.com". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  5. 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff
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