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In terms of what I’ve seen: “Adjectival passives always have stative interpretations, whereas verbal passives can either have a dynamic or a stative interpretation.”

So…. If I have a sentence, such as:

“The buildings are owned by him.”

Would this be a verbal stative passive, or just an adjectival passive?

Obviously I can transform it to:

“He owns the buildings.”

But to me, it almost seems like it’s active even in the “passive” (air-quotes just in case) version. Like, if I change “be” to, say:

The buildings “remain” owned by him..”

Or

“The buildings “seem” owned by him”

It obviously fails the “very” test, but the above two tests seem to work out. See:

“The buildings are very owned by him (ungrammatical).”

But doesn’t the ability to switch “be” with “remain” or “seem” imply it could be an adjective here?

Thus, I guess my question is, how can I tell if this, or other constructions with stative verbs are “verbal” stative passives, or simply “adjectival” passives?

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