Alveolar ejective fricative
The alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨sʼ⟩.
| Alveolar ejective fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| sʼ | |||
| IPA Number | 132 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
|
source · help | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | sʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0073 U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | s_> | ||
| |||
Features
Features of the alveolar ejective fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
In many languages, it is allophonic with the affricate [ts'].[1]
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | Shapsug | сӏэ | 'name' | Corresponds to [tsʼ] in other dialects. | |
| Ganza[2]: 101 | [sʼásʼà] | ‘fat, thick’ | |||
| Hausa[3] | tsutsa | [sʼusʼa] | 'worm' | Allophone of /tsʼ/ in some dialects | |
| Keres | s'eeka | [sʼeːkʰa] | 'sure' | ||
| Lakota | s'a | [sʼa] | 'habitually' | ||
| Tlingit[4] | sʼeek | 'bear' | |||
| Upper Necaxa Totonac[5] | [ˈsʼa̰ta̰] | 'small' | |||
| Emberá-Catío[6] | /s'okʰo/ [s'okxo] | 'type of water jar' | |||
See also
References
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Rose, Sharon (2011). "Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 41 (1): 41–65. doi:10.1017/S0025100310000319. ISSN 0025-1003. JSTOR 44526590. S2CID 17186877.
- Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- Jaggar, Philip J. (19 December 2001). Hausa. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 7. John Benjamins. doi:10.1075/loall.7. ISBN 978-90-272-8304-7.
- Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; Bessell, Nicola (2001). "Aspects of the Phonetics of Tlingit". Anthropological Linguistics. 43 (2): 135–176. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 30028779.
- Beck, David (1 January 2006). "The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac". University of Alberta Working Papers in Linguistics.
- Mortensen, Charles Arthur (1994). Nasalization in a revision of Embera-Katio phonology (masters thesis). Arlington: MA thesis, University of Texas.
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