FIS Cross-Country World Cup

The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 2930 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.[4]

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
GenreCross-country skiing
Date(s)Northern wintertime season
BeginsNovember
EndsMarch
Location(s)Europe
Canada
United States (rare)
Japan (rare)
China (rare)
South Korea (rare)
Inaugurated1973 (1973) (unofficial - men)
1978 (1978) (unofficial - women)
9 January 1982 (9 January 1982) (men & women)
Previous event2023–24 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
Next event2024–25 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
Organised byInternational Ski Federation
PeopleMichel Lamplot (race director)[1]
Simon Caprini (asst. race director)[1]
SponsorCoop Norway,[2] Audi e-tron[3]

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.

Rules

Competitors attempt to achieve the most points during the season. They compete in two disciplines: Distance and Sprint. Current Distance races are mostly 10 km, 20 km, Skiathlon and 50 km for the men and women.[5] The competitions are held with either individual start or mass start and either classic or free technique. In Sprint races, athletes are organised in heats based on their results in a prologue where the 30 fastest skiers qualify for the sprint's quarter-finals.[6] The 12 best skiers in the quarter-finals advance to the semi-finals and the 6 best skiers in the semi-finals advance to the final. Sprint races are maximum 1.8 kilometres and are competed in either classic or free technique.

In ordinary World Cup races, 100 points are awarded to the winner, 95 for second place, 90 for third place, winding down to 1 point for 50th place. In Stage World Cup races; Tour de Ski, World Cup Final and mini-tours, 50 points are awarded to the winner, 47 for second place, 44 for third place, winding down to 1 point for 30th place. The overall winners of the Stage World Cup events are awarded 300 points for Tour de Ski victory and 200 points for an overall win in the World Cup Final or a mini-tour. The athlete with the most points at the end of the season in mid-March wins the Overall World Cup, with the trophy consisting of a 9 kilogram crystal globe.[7] Sub-prizes are also awarded to the winners of the Sprint World Cup and the Distance World Cup, with a smaller 3.5 kg crystal globe.

Races are hosted primarily in Europe, with regular stops in the Nordic countries and Central Europe. A few races have also been held in North America and Asia. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 23 countries around the world: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Soviet Union, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. (Note that all World Cup races hosted in Bosnia were held when it was still part of Yugoslavia.)

The World Cup usually follows a November-March schedule, effectively ruling out hosting races in the southern hemisphere, for example in Argentina or New Zealand. Additionally, races have yet to be hosted in the Central Asia-Himalayas region.

Overall World Cup standings

The table below shows the three highest ranked skiers each year.

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway383536109
2 Sweden11121134
3 Finland961126
4 Russia813829
5 Soviet Union84416
6 Germany426
7 Switzerland4127
8 Poland4116
8 Italy34916
9 United States3328
11 Czech Republic1326
12 Kazakhstan1315
13 Spain112
14 CIS123
15 Canada224
16 Estonia22
17 Czechoslovakia134
18 Slovenia112
19 Austria11
19 France11
21 Ukraine11
  • With six overall World Cup titles Bjørn Dæhlie is record-holder among both men and women.

Sprint World Cup standings

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway31281877
2 Sweden1221125
3 Slovenia4228
4 Italy39416
5 United States325
6 Finland1247
7 France1135
8 Poland112
9 Russia437
10 Switzerland22
11 Germany123
12 Czech Republic112
13 Estonia22
14 Canada11
15 Kazakhstan11

Distance World Cup standings

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway16181650
2 Finland51815
3 Russia44917
4 Switzerland426
5 Germany4127
6 Poland4116
7 Estonia2125
8 United States2114
9 Italy1618
10 Czech Republic1416
11 Spain112
12 Ukraine112
13 Austria112
14 Sweden426
15 Canada213
16 France11
17 Kazakhstan11

U23 World Cup standings

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sweden73515
2 Norway45312
3 Russia26412
4 Italy213
5 France224
6 United States1113
7 Slovenia11
8 Latvia11
9 Switzerland235
10 Austria112
11 Germany11
12 Finland11

Nations Cup

All results of female and male athletes of a nation are counted for the Nations Cup.

Season Winner Runner-up Third   Men's winner Women's winner
1981–82 Norway Czechoslovakia Sweden Norway Norway
1982–83 Norway Soviet Union Finland Norway Norway
1983–84 Norway Soviet Union Sweden Norway Norway
1984–85 Norway Sweden Soviet Union Norway Norway
1985–86 Norway Sweden Soviet Union Sweden Norway
1986–87 Sweden Norway Soviet Union (3) Sweden Norway
1987–88 Sweden (2) Soviet Union (3) Norway Sweden Soviet Union
1988–89 Soviet Union Sweden Norway (2) Sweden Soviet Union
1989–90 Soviet Union Norway Sweden Norway Soviet Union
1990–91 Soviet Union (3) Norway Sweden Norway Soviet Union (4)
1991–92 Norway CIS Italy Norway CIS
1992–93 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia
1993–94 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia
1994–95 Russia Norway Italy Norway Russia
1995–96 Russia Norway Italy Norway Russia
1996–97 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia
1997–98 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia
1998–99 Norway Russia Sweden Norway Russia
1999–00 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia
2000–01 Norway Russia Italy Norway Russia (9)
2001–02 Norway Russia Italy Norway Norway
2002–03 Norway Germany Sweden Sweden (5) Norway
2003–04 Norway Germany Italy Norway Norway
2004–05 Norway Germany Russia Norway Norway
2005–06 Norway Sweden Germany Norway Norway
2006–07 Norway Germany (4) Finland Norway Finland
2007–08 Norway Finland Germany (2) Norway Norway
2008–09 Norway Finland (2) Italy (12) Norway Finland (2)
2009–10 Norway Russia Sweden Norway Norway
2010–11 Norway Sweden Russia Norway Norway
2011–12 Norway Russia Sweden Russia Norway
2012–13 Norway Russia Sweden Russia Norway
2013–14 Norway Russia Sweden Norway Norway
2014–15 Norway Russia Sweden Norway Norway
2015–16 Norway Russia Finland Norway Norway
2016–17 Norway Sweden Finland Norway Norway
2017–18 Norway Sweden Russia Norway Norway
2018–19 Norway Russia Sweden Norway Norway
2019–20 Norway Russia (16) Sweden Norway Norway
2020–21 Russia (3) Norway (6) Sweden (14) Russia (3) Sweden
2021–22 Norway Sweden Russia (4) Norway Sweden
2022–23 Norway Sweden Finland Norway Norway (24)
2023–24 Norway (35) Sweden (10) Finland (6) Norway (35) Sweden (3)
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Men's winner Women's winner
1 Norway35623524
2 Russia316439
3 Soviet Union3334
4 Sweden2101453
5 Germany42
6 Finland262
7 Czech Republic1
8 Italy12

World Cup title winners

Overall titles

Sprint titles

Distance titles

Most World Cup wins

As of 17 March 2024
  Active athletes
  Active athletes who haven't competed in the current season's World Cup competitions

Most successful race winners

  • With 84 victories in World Cup and total 114 including Stage World Cup wins Marit Bjørgen is record-holder among both men and women.

World Cup wins by nation

The table below lists those nations which have won at least one individual World Cup race.[nb 3]

As of 17 March 2024
  Countries no longer exist
Rank Nation   Total wins   Wins by disciplines
Men   Women
Men Women All DI SP SE DI SP SE
1 Norway411367778236150252429926
2 Sweden132103235943839604
3 Russia941001946820688111
4 Finland377711436161142
5 Italy4552971926457
6 Poland15051135105
7 Soviet Union (6 RUS / 1 KAZ / 1 LTU)1731481731
8 United States839477120172
9 Germany36945323181
10 Czech Republic181937162172
11  Switzerland28735193616
12 Kazakhstan3434331
13 France301312191
14 Slovenia2929425
15 Estonia616226142
16 Canada1562111433
17 Czechoslovakia (2 CZE / 1 SVK)101010
18 Spain777
19 Ukraine555
20 Austria444
 Slovakia134121
22 East Germany333
23 Belarus111
Total92592718526282574062925840

Most World Cup podiums, top 10 results and individual starts

As of 17 March 2024
  Active athletes
  Active athletes who haven't competed in the current season's World Cup competitions

Season records

As of 17 March 2024

Men

Women

Consecutive victories and podiums

As of 17 March 2024

Youngest and oldest race winners

Men's youngest winners

     No.      Skier      Born      Date      Location      Race      Level      Age
1 Petter Northug 06.01.1986 08.03.2006 Falun, Sweden 10 km + 10 km C/F Pursuit World Cup 20 years 61 days
2 Johannes Høsflot Klæbo 22.10.1996 18.02.2017 Otepää, Estonia 1.4 km Sprint F World Cup 20 years 119 days
3 Finn Hågen Krogh 06.09.1990 20.03.2011 Falun, Sweden 15 km Pursuit F Stage World Cup 20 years 195 days
4 Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass 29.04.1961 09.01.1982 Reit im Winkl, West Germany 15 km Individual World Cup 20 years 255 days
5 Alexander Bolshunov 31.12.1996 04.03.2018 Lahti, Finland 15 km C Individual World Cup 21 years 63 days
6 Gunde Svan 12.01.1962 19.03.1983 Anchorage, United States 15 km Individual World Cup 21 years 66 days
7 Mikhail Devyatyarov Jr. 11.11.1985 21.03.2007 Stockholm, Sweden 1.0 km Sprint C World Cup 21 years 130 days
8 Nikolay Morilov 11.08.1986 30.12.2007 Prague, Czech Republic 1.0 km Sprint F Stage World Cup 21 years 141 days
9 Janosch Brugger 06.06.1997 02.12.2018 Lillehammer, Norway 15 km C Pursuit Stage World Cup 21 years 179 days
10 Petr Sedov 24.08.1990 18.03.2012 Falun, Sweden 15 km C Pursuit Stage World Cup 21 years 207 days

Source:[10]

Women's youngest winners

     No.      Skier      Born      Date      Location      Race      Level      Age
1 Gaby Nestler 16.02.1967 11.01.1986 Les Saisies, France 10 km F Individual World Cup 18 years 329 days
2 Pirjo Manninen 08.03.1981 17.12.2000 Brusson, Italy 1.4 km Sprint F World Cup 19 years 284 days
3 Kateřina Neumannová 15.02.1973 12.12.1992 Ramsau, Austria 5 km Individual C World Cup 19 years 300 days
4 Linn Svahn 09.12.1999 14.12.2019    Davos, Switzerland 1.5 km Sprint F World Cup 20 years 5 days
5 Brit Pettersen 24.11.1961 12.03.1982 Falun, Sweden 20 km Individual World Cup 20 years 108 days
6 Simone Greiner-Petter 15.09.1967 15.01.1988 Toblach, Italy 20 km F Individual World Cup 20 years 122 days
7 Hanna Falk 05.07.1989 05.12.2009 Düsseldorf, Germany 0.8 km Sprint F World Cup 20 years 153 days
8 Charlotte Kalla 22.07.1987 06.01.2008 Nové Město, Czech Republic 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup 20 years 168 days
9 Therese Johaug 25.06.1988 04.01.2009 Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup 20 years 193 days
10 Frida Karlsson 10.08.1999 07.03.2020 Oslo, Norway 30 km C Mass Start World Cup 20 years 210 days

Source:[11]

Men's oldest winners

     No.      Skier      Born      Date      Location      Race      Level      Age
1 Harri Kirvesniemi 10.05.1958 11.03.2000 Oslo, Norway 50 km C Individual World Cup 41 years 306 days
2 Giorgio Di Centa 07.10.1972 05.02.2010 Canmore, Canada 15 km F Individual World Cup 37 years 121 days
3 Maurilio De Zolt 25.09.1950 21.02.1987 Oberstdorf, West Germany 50 km C Individual World Championships[nb 4] 36 years 149 days
4 Lukáš Bauer 18.08.1977 30.11.2013 Kuusamo, Finland 10 km C Individual Stage World Cup 36 years 104 days
5 Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset 06.12.1971 05.01.2008 Val di Fiemme, Italy 20 km C Mass Start Stage World Cup 36 years 30 days
6 Erling Jevne 24.03.1966 15.12.2001    Davos, Switzerland 15 km C Individual World Cup 35 years 266 days
7 Fulvio Valbusa 15.02.1969 06.02.2004 La Clusaz, France 15 km F Individual World Cup 34 years 354 days
8 Tor Arne Hetland 12.01.1974 29.12.2008 Prague, Czech Republic 1.3 km Sprint F Stage World Cup 34 years 352 days
9 Andrus Veerpalu 08.02.1971 12.03.2005 Oslo, Norway 50 km C Individual World Cup 34 years 32 days
10 Pietro Piller Cottrer 20.12.1974 17.01.2009 Whistler, Canada 15 km + 15 km C/F Pursuit World Cup 34 years 29 days

Source:[12]

Women's oldest winners

     No.      Skier      Born      Date      Location      Race      Level      Age
1 Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen 08.11.1964 07.01.2006 Otepää, Estonia 10 km C Individual World Cup 41 years 60 days
2 Marit Bjørgen 21.03.1980 18.03.2018 Falun, Sweden World Cup Final Overall World Cup 37 years 362 days
3 Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi 10.09.1955 07.03.1992 Funäsdalen, Sweden 5 km C Individual World Cup 36 years 179 days
4 Larisa Lazutina 01.06.1965 18.03.2001 Falun, Sweden 10 km C Individual World Cup 35 years 290 days
5 Kerttu Niskanen 13.06.1988 16.03.2024 Falun, Sweden 10 km C Individual World Cup 35 years 277 days
6 Nina Gavrylyuk 13.04.1965 27.12.1999    Engelberg, Switzerland Sprint C World Cup 34 years 259 days
7 Gabriella Paruzzi 21.06.1969 25.01.2004 Val di Fiemme, Italy 70 km C Mass Start World Cup 34 years 218 days
8 Anita Moen 31.08.1967 29.12.2001 Salzburg, Austria Sprint C World Cup 34 years 120 days
9 Inger Helene Nybråten 08.12.1960 28.01.1995 Lahti, Finland 10 km C Individual World Cup 34 years 51 days
10 Justyna Kowalczyk 23.01.1983[nb 5] 04.02.2017 Pyeongchang, South Korea 7.5 km + 7.5 km C/F Skiathlon World Cup 34 years 12 days

Source:[13]

Multi winners

Men's double winners

     No.      Date      Location      Race      Level      Winners
1 25.02.1982 Oslo, Norway 4 × 10 km Relay World Championships  Norway
Lars Erik Eriksen
Ove Aunli
Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass
Oddvar Brå
 Soviet Union
Vladimir Nikitin
Oleksandr Batyuk
Yuriy Burlakov
Alexander Zavyalov
2 03.02.2007    Davos, Switzerland 15 km C Individual World Cup Vincent Vittoz    Toni Livers

Women's double winners

     No.      Date      Location      Race      Level      Winners
1 20.12.1994 Sappada, Italy 5 km F Individual World Cup Nina Gavrylyuk Yelena Välbe
2 23.11.2002 Kiruna, Sweden 5 km F Individual World Cup Kristina Šmigun Evi Sachenbacher
3 12.02.2005 Reit im Winkl, Germany 10 km F Individual World Cup Yevgeniya Medvedeva-Arbuzova Olga Zavyalova
4 27.01.2018 Seefeld, Austria 1.1 km Sprint F World Cup Sophie Caldwell    Laurien van der Graaff

World Cup all-time records

World Cup scoring system

1981/82 season to 2005/06 season

Seasons Races Place
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
1981/821984/85 Individual 2622191716151413121110987654321points were not awarded
Relay
1985/861991/92 Individual 252015121110987654321points were not awarded
Relay
1992/932005/06 Individual 1008060504540363229262422201816151413121110987654321
Team Sprint[a]
Relay 200160120100908072645852484440363230282624222018161412108642
a. 1 Team sprint discipline was first introduced in 1995/96 season.

2006/07 season to 2021/22

Races Place
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 - 40>40
Individual 1008060504540363229262422201816151413121110987654321
Nordic Opening[a] 200160120100908072645852484440363230282624222018161412108642
World Cup Final[b]
Relay (Nations Cup)
Team Sprint (Nations Cup)
Ski Tour 2020[c] 3002401801501351201089687787266605448454239363330272421181512963
Tour de Ski[d] 4003202402001801601441281161049688807264605652484440363228242020202020105
Ski Tour Canada[e] 40032024020018016014412811610496888072646056524844403632282420161284
Stage Nordic Opening[a] 504643403734323028262422201816151413121110987654321
Stage World Cup Final[b]
Stage Ski Tour 2020[c]
Stage Tour de Ski[d]
Stage Ski Tour Canada[e]
Relay (Individual)[f] 252015121110987654321points were not awarded
Team Sprint (Individual)
Bonus points 1512108654321points were not awarded

since 2022/2023 season

Place 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950
Individual 10095908580757269666360585654525048464442403836343230282624222019181716151413121110987654321
Relay (Nations Cup) 200160120100908072645852484440363230282624222018161412108642points were not awarded
Team Sprint (Nations Cup)
Tour de Ski 3002852702552402252162071981891801741681621561501441381321261201141081029690847872666057545148454239363330272421181512963
Stage Tour de Ski 504744413835323028262422201816151413121110987654321points were not awarded
Relay (Individual points) 252015121110987654321points were not awarded
Team Sprint (Individual points)
Bonus points (Mass Start checkpoints) 1512108654321points were not awarded
Sprint Qualifications
a. 1 2 Nordic Opening is held annually since 2010/11 season.
b. 1 2 World Cup Final is held since 2007/08 season, except 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2019/20 seasons. The stages of its first edition were not counted as a Stage World Cup race, hence no World Cup points were awarded.
c. 1 2 Ski Tour 2020 was held only in 2019/20 season.
d. 1 2 Tour de Ski is held annually since 2006/07 season. World Cup points were not awarded for the stage races in its first edition.
e. 1 2 Ski Tour Canada was held only in 2015/16 season.
f. 1 Individual World Cup points for places in Relays and Team Sprints since 2020/21 season.

Timeline calendar

Season Men Men's Team Women Women's Team Mixed Team
DI SP ST Total RL TS Total DI SP ST Total RL TS Total MR MTS Total
1981–82101011101011
1982–8310101010
1983–84101044101044
1984–85101055111155
1985–8699559955
1986–87111166111166
1987–88111166101066
1988–89121255121255
1989–90111155111166
1990–91121255121255
1991–92121255121255
1992–93131366121266
1993–94131366131366
1994–95151566151566
1995–961511651615116415
1996–971411551614115617
1997–981111231411112314
1998–991541961715419617
1999–001562151615621516
2000–011372031413720314
2001–021372032513720325
2002–03138214261382142611
2003–041782554917825549
2004–051282034712820347
2005–061592423515924235
2006–0715101264151510126415
2007–0820111323252011132325
2008–0918122322241812232224
2009–1018122322241812232224
2010–1118113323251811332325
2011–1222133382242213338224
2012–1319103322351910332235
2013–1415113291231511329123
2014–15161022811161022811
2015–1621123362132112336213
2016–1718103312241810331224
2017–18171033011171033011
2018–1917123322241712332224
2019–2019113332241911333224
2020–21147223123147223123
2021–22119121112119121112112
2022–231713131123171313112322
2023–242013134213201313421311
Total events62725740924142521946262574092314352195516
Double wins1111314
Total winners62825740925143521956292584092714352195516

World Cup hosts

Country Place Seasons
'82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 '22 '23 '24
 AustriaKitzbühel
Linz
Ramsau
Salzburg
Seefeld
Tauplitzalm
 BulgariaVitosha
 CanadaCalgary
Canmore
Gatineau
Labrador City
Montreal
Quebec City
Silver Star
Thunder Bay
Vernon
Whistler
 ChinaChangchun
Beijing
 Czech Republic[a]Liberec
Nové Město
Prague
 CzechoslovakiaStachy, Zadov
 EstoniaOtepää
Tallinn
 FinlandKuopio
Kuusamo/Ruka
Lahti
Muonio
Rovaniemi
Vantaa
Vuokatti
 FranceAlbertville
Autrans
La Bresse
La Clusaz
La Forclaz
Lamoura-Mouthe
Les Rousses
Les Saisies
 GermanyDresden
Düsseldorf
Furtwangen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Klingenthal
Munich
Oberhof
Oberstdorf
Reit im Winkl
 ItalyAsiago
Bormio
Brusson
Clusone
Cogne/Val d'Aosta
Cortina d'Ampezzo
Kastelruth
Livigno
Milan
Pragelato
Santa Caterina
Sappada
Toblach
Val di Fiemme
Val di Sole
Valdidentro
 JapanSapporo
Hakuba
 NorwayBeitostølen
Drammen
Konnerud
Lillehammer
Meråker
Oslo
Sjusjøen
Trondheim
Vang
 PolandSzklarska Poręba
 Russia[b]Kavgolovo
Moscow
Rybinsk
Sochi
Tyumen
 Slovakia[a]Štrbské Pleso
 Slovenia[c]Bohinj
Planica
Rogla
 South KoreaPyeongchang
 Soviet UnionMinsk
Murmansk
Saint Petersburg[d]
Syktyvkar
 SwedenBorlänge
Falun
Funäsdalen
Gothenburg
Gällivare
Kiruna
Mora
Sollefteå
Stockholm
Sunne
Ulricehamn
Umeå
Åre
Örnsköldsvik
Östersund
  Switzerland Bern
Campra
Davos
Engadin
Engelberg
Goms
Lenzerheide
Le Brassus
Pontresina
Ulrichen
Val Müstair
 United StatesAnchorage
Biwabik
Fairbanks
Minneapolis
Salt Lake City
Soldier Hollow
 YugoslaviaSarajevo
a. 1 2 As Czechoslovakia until 1992.
b. 1 As Soviet Union until 1991.
c. 1 As Yugoslavia until 1991.
d. 1 As Leningrad until 1991.

World Cup Finals

See also

Footnotes

  1. Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen married with Harri Kirvesniemi in 1984 and have used her married name since then.
  2. Bente Martinsen married with Geir Skari in 1999 and have used her married name since then.
  3. Team events (relays and team sprints) are not included in the table due to lack of appropriate sources for many relay races prior to 1995/96 World Cup season.
  4. Until 1999 World Championships and 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system.
  5. Kowalczyk stated in an interview that she was in fact born on 19 January 1983, but a registrar mistakenly noted 23 January, which wasn't officially corrected. Hence, her registered birthday at FIS is used in computing her age.

References

  1. "FIS staff". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  2. "Coop blir hovedsponsor for verdenscupen i langrenn". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 4 June 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  3. "Audi - Presenting Sponsor Nordics". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation. 25 October 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  4. "31st Bariloche (ARG) 1977". FIS. April 1977. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  5. "Updates from the Cross-Country Committee Spring meeting 2022". International Ski Federation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  6. "RULES FOR THE FIS CROSS-COUNTRY WORLD CUP 2021/2022" (PDF). International Ski Federation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  7. "FIS NewsFlash, Edition 72, April 26th, 2006". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  8. "Hall of Fame - Men". skisport365.com. Skisport365. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  9. "Hall of Fame - Women". skisport365.com. Skisport365. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  10. "Youngest Race Winners - Men". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation (FIS). Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  11. "Youngest Race Winners - Ladies". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation (FIS). Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  12. "Oldest Race Winners - Men". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation (FIS). Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  13. "Oldest Race Winners - Ladies". fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation (FIS). Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  14. "Verdenscupvinnere i skiidrett nordiske grener" [World Cup winners in Nordic skiing]. snl.no (in Norwegian). Store Norske Leksikon. 2016-12-16. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
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