Iglesia ni Cristo and Philippine elections

The Iglesia ni Cristo is noted for its role in elections in the Philippines.

Bloc voting

The Iglesia ni Cristo is known for its practice of bloc voting during elections.[1][2][3] The INC is known for issuing directives to vote for certain candidates endorsed by the church under the tenet of obedience and the advocacy of a united unit.[1] INC spokesperson Edwil Zabala has stressed the importance of unity of its members with the church leadership.[4] As a consequence, candidates often attempt to secure endorsement from the INC.[5]

According to pollster, Mahar Mangahas the INC usually announces its endorsements around a week before election day "when the rankings of the candidates in the polls have stabilized" and concludes that candidates' ranking in opinion polls are a factor on how the INC chooses candidates to support.[5]

Endorsements

The following is the list of candidates who have been endorsed by the Iglesia ni Cristo. The list is limited to candidates running for president, vice president, and senators.

President
YearRankCandidatePartyVotes%ResultRef.
19351.Manuel QuezonNacionalista695,33267.99Won[3]
19411.Manuel QuezonNacionalista1,340,32081.78Won[3]
19461.Manuel RoxasLiberal1,333,39253.94Won[3]
19493.Jose AvelinoLiberal419,89011.85Lost[3]
19651.Ferdinand MarcosNacionalista3,861,32451.94Won[3]
19691.Ferdinand MarcosNacionalista5,017,34361.47Won[3]
19811.Ferdinand MarcosKBL18,309,36088.02Won[3]
19861.Ferdinand MarcosKBL10,807,19753.62Won[3]
19923.Danding CojuangcoNPC4,116,37618.17Lost[6]
19981.Joseph EstradaLAMMP10,722,29539.86Won[7]
20041.Gloria Macapagal ArroyoLakas12,905,80839.99Won[8][9]
20101.Benigno Aquino IIILiberal15,208,67842.08Won[10][11]
20161.Rodrigo DutertePDP–Laban16,601,99739.02Won[12][13]
20221.Bongbong MarcosPFP31,629,78358.77Won[14][15]

Vice President
YearRankCandidatePartyVotes%ResultRef.
20102.Mar RoxasLiberal13,918,49039.58Lost[10][11]
20162.Bongbong MarcosIndependent14,155,34434.47Lost[12][13]
20221.Sara DuterteLakas32,208,41761.53Won[14][15]

Senators
YearRankCandidatePartyVotes%ResultRef.
20221.Robin PadillaPDP–Laban27,027,23548.23Won[16]
2.Loren LegardaNPC24,367,56443.48Won
4.Win GatchalianNPC20,678,80436.89Won
5.Francis EscuderoNPC20,320,06936.26Won
6.Mark VillarNacionalista19,563,26234.91Won
7.Alan Peter CayetanoIndependent19,359,75834.54Won
8.Migz ZubiriIndependent18,931,20733.78Won
9.Joel VillanuevaIndependent18,539,53733.08Won
11.JV EjercitoNPC15,901,89128.37Won
12.Jinggoy EstradaPMP15,174,28827.08Won
13.Jejomar BinayUNA13,348,88723.82Lost
16.Guillermo EleazarReporma11,360,52620.27Lost

References
  1. Quismundo, Tarra. "Expelled Iglesia ni Cristo minister's lawyer says bloc voting may be no more". Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  2. "Analyst: Other Christian groups can negate INC bloc vote for Marcos, Duterte". ABS-CBN News. May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  3. "Iglesia Ni Cristo endorsements and how the presidential candidates fared in the past elections". Philstar Life. The Philippine Star. May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  4. Cahiles, Gerg (April 6, 2019). "Politics of recognition: The power of religious endorsement in the 2019 polls". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  5. Baclig, Cristina Eloisa (May 5, 2022). "INC endorsements: Do they matter?". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  6. Shenon, Philip (May 11, 1992). "Under Marcos's Shadow, Filipinos Vote in Close Race". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  7. Vanzi, Sol Jose (May 7, 1998). "Iglesia ni Cristo Endorses Erap-Gloria". Headline News Philippines. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  8. "Arroyo wins Philippine election". Al Jazeera. June 20, 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  9. Sy, Marvin; Villanueva, Marichu (May 7, 2004). "INC, Shaddai endorse GMA". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  10. "List of Candidates for President and Vice-President with Votes Obtained" (PDF). Commission on Elections. September 29, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  11. Macairan, Evelyn (May 6, 2010). "INC picks Aquino, Roxas". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  12. "Joint Public Session: Resolution of Both Houses No. 1" (PDF). Congress of the Philippines. May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  13. "Duterte, Marcos get INC endorsement for May 9 polls". CNN Philippines. May 2, 2016. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  14. "National Canvassing 2022 - Joint Session of Congress". House of Representatives. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  15. Gulleand, Jimbo; Pañares, Joyce Pangco (May 3, 2022). "INC endorses BBM, Sara". Manila Standard. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  16. Escosio, Jan V. (May 3, 2022). "INC endorses BBM-Sara; find out 12 Senate bets that it is backing". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
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