List of Indian musical instruments

Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).

Chordophones

Plucked strings

Bowed strings

Other string instruments
  • Gethu or Jhallari – struck tanpura
  • Gubguba or Jamuku (khamak)
  • Pulluvan kutam
  • Santoor – Hammered dulcimer

Aerophones

Single reed

Double reed

Flute

Bagpipes

Free reed

Free reed and bellows

Brass

Membranophones

Hand drums

Hand frame drums
  • Daf, duf, or dafli – medium or large frame drum without jingles, of Persian origin
  • Dubki, dimdi or dimri – small frame drum without jingles
  • Kanjira – small frame drum with one jingle
  • Kansi – small drum without jingles
  • Patayani thappu – medium frame drum played with hands

Stick and hand drums

Stick drums

Idiophones
  • Chigggjha – fire tong with brass jingles
  • Chengila – metal disc
  • Eltathalam
  • Gegvrer – brass vessel
  • Ghaynti – Northern Indian bell
  • Ghatam and Matkam (Earthenware pot drum)
  • Ghunyugroo
  • Khartal or Chiplya
  • Manjira or jhanj or taal
  • Nut – clay pot
  • Sankarpjlnjang – lithophone
  • Thali – metal plate
  • Thattukanvjzhi mannai
  • Yakshahgana bells

Melodic

Hand harmonium

Dwarkanath Ghose (Dwarkin) modified the French pedal harmonium.

Electronic

See also

References
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