Narungga language
Narungga (also Narangga) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. As a result of the colonisation of Australia, the Narungga language fell into disuse within several generations. Nevertheless, Narungga continued to be documented into the 20th century, and the 1980s saw a community reclamation. As a result of revival efforts, the language along with Narungga culture is now being taught around the Yorke Peninsula, from Moonta and Maitland Area Schools to Point Pearce.
| Narungga | |
|---|---|
| Region | South Australia |
| Ethnicity | Narungga people |
| Extinct | ca. 1936[1] |
| Revival | 1980s;[1] 25 speakers reported in 2016 census, down from 46 in 2011[2] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nnr |
nnr | |
| Glottolog | naru1238 |
| AIATSIS[2] | L1 |
| ELP | Narungga |
Narungga is one of the languages in the Yura group, which includes Nukunu, Kaurna, and Ngadjuri, among others, and belongs to the Pama–Nyungan family.
Phonology
Consonants
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
| Plosive | b | ɡ | d̪ | ɟ | d | ɖ | |
| Nasal | plain | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| pre-stopped | d̪n̪ | ɟɲ | dn | ɖɳ | |||
| Tap/Trill | r | ɽ | |||||
| Lateral | plain | l̪ | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| pre-stopped | d̪l̪ | ɟʎ | dl | ɖɭ | |||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||||
- The voiced stops /b, ɡ, d̪, ɟ, d, ɖ/ may be heard as voiceless, when geminated as [pː, kː, t̪ː, cː, tː, ʈː].
Notes
- Wanganeen and Eira, pp. 4-5.
- L1 Narungga at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
References
- Wanganeen, Tania; Eira, Christina (2006). "Introduction". The Fragments of Budderer's Waddy: A New Narungga Grammar. Maitland, South Australia: Narungga Aboriginal Progress Association, Inc.
- Nharangga Warra: Narungga Dictionary. Maitland, South Australia: Narungga Aboriginal Progress Association, Inc. 2006.
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