Pattin

Pattin (also known as Pattina, Patina, Unqu and Unqi), was an ancient Luwian Syro-Hittite state at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. It was known to the Assyrians as Unqi and Aramaeans as Unqu.

Pattin/Unqi
Before 870 BC–738 BC
Pattin(a)/Unqi and its capital Kinalua among the Neo-Hittite states
CapitalKinalua
Common languagesLuwian
Aramaic
Religion
Luwian religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
Before 870 BC
• Disestablished
738 BC
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Palistin
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Today part ofTurkey
Syria

It was located at the north-western coast of ancient Syria, associated with the modern-day Hatay. The capital of the state was Kinalua (Kunalua, Kalneh, or Kinaluwa), which has been tentatively associated with Tell Tayinat[1] in modern-day Turkey.

The state was formed in the 9th century BC towards the end of the Dark Age period, and shared a north-western border with the Syro-Hittite state of Quwê. Khazazu (modern-day Azaz) was one of Pattin's dependencies which was invaded by Assyria around 870 BC. The frontier fortress of Aribua (associated with the modern-day region of Idlib) within the land of Lukhuti to the immediate south of Pattin was also ravaged.[2][3]

List of kings
  • Taita I (11th century)[4][5]
  • Taita II (early 10th century)[4][5]
  • Manana (10th century)[4]
  • Suppiluliuma I (late 10th century)[4][5]
  • Halparuntiya I (10th[4] or early 9th century)[5]
  • Lubarna I (c. 870/875 – 858?)[4][6]
  • Suppiluliuma II (fl. 858–857)[4][6]
  • Halparuntiya II (fl. 857–853)[4][6]
  • Lubarna II (829,[4] died 831)[6]
  • Surri (831)[6]
  • Sasi (from 831)[6]
  • ...
  • Tutammu (died 738)[6]

The name Suppiluliuma corresponds to the Assyrian Sapalalme and Halparuntiya to Qalparunda.[4]

References
  1. See the Tayinat Website by the Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations at the University of Toronto
  2. Syria-Hittite, Pattin
  3. History files:Aleppo
  4. Mark Weeden (2013), "After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria" (PDF), Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 56 (2): 15, doi:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2013.00055.x, JSTOR 44254129.
  5. Belkıs Dinçol; Ali Dinçol; J. D. Hawkins; Hasan Peker; Aliye Öztan (2015), "Two New Inscribed Storm-god Stelae from Arsuz (İskenderun): ARSUZ 1 and 2", Anatolian Studies, 65: 63, doi:10.1017/S006615461500006X.
  6. Trevor Bryce (2012), The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History, Oxford University Press, pp. 130–133.
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