Razavi Khorasan province

Razavi Khorasan Province (Persian: استان خراسان رضوی)[lower-alpha 1] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in northeastern Iran. Its capital is the city of Mashhad.[5] Central Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan Province in 2004. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5[6] with Mashhad as the location of the region's secretariat.

Not to be confused with North Khorasan Province, South Khorasan Province, Greater Khorasan, or Khorasan Province.
For other places with a similar name, see Khorasan.

Razavi Khorasan Province
Persian: استان خراسان رضوی
Province
From top to bottom and from left to right: Mashhad, Nishapur, Kalat, Chenaran, Sabzevar, Sarakhs, and Kashmar
Location of Khorasan-e Razavi Province within Iran
Coordinates: 35°47′N 58°42′E[1]
CountryIran
RegionRegion 5
CapitalMashhad
Counties34
Government
 • Governor-generalYaghob-Ali Nazari
 • MPs of Assembly of Experts1 Hassan Alemi
2 Mohammad-Hadi Abdekhodaei
3 Taqi Yazdi
4 Ahmad Alamolhoda
5 Ahmad Hosseini Khorasani
6 Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
7 Mohammad-Reza Modarresi Yazdi
8 Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
 • Representative of the Supreme LeaderAhmad Alamolhoda
Area
 • Total118,884 km2 (45,901 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Binalud)
3,211 m (10,535 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Sarakhs)
299 m (981 ft)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total6,434,501
 • Estimate 
(2020)
6,871,000[3]
 • Density54/km2 (140/sq mi)
DemonymKhorasani (Persian: خراسانی)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code051
ISO 3166 codeIR-09
Main language(s)Persian
HDI (2017)0.781[4]
high · 19th
Websitehttp://ostandari.khorasan.ir/

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province had a population of 5,515,980 in 1,426,187 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 5,994,402 people in 1,716,314 households.[8] At the latest census conducted in 2016, the population had risen to 6,434,501 in 1,938,703 households.[2]

History
Main article: Greater Khorasan

The Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens brought changes to the region time and time again.[9]

Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Ērānshahr") into eight segments of which the most flourishing and largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for residence of the Aryan tribes after entering Iran.

The Parthian Empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgošban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after one of the four largest cities, Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

In the year 651, the army of the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Khorasan. The territory remained under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Tahirid dynasty until 873, and the Samanid dynasty in 900.

Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Khorasan in 994, and Tuğrul in the year 1037.

In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by the Uzbek tribes. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it was occupied by the Afghan Durrani Empire centered in Qandahar.

In 1824, Herat became independent for several years when the Afghan Empire was split between the Durranis and Barakzais. The Persians sieged the city in 1837, but the British assisted the Afghans in repelling them. In 1856, the Persians launched another invasion and briefly managed to recapture the city; it led directly to the Anglo-Persian War. In 1857 hostilities between the Persians and the British ended after the Treaty of Paris was signed, and the Persian troops withdrew from Herat.[10] Afghanistan reconquered Herat in 1863 under Dost Muhammad Khan, two weeks before his death.[11]

Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan.

Archaeological sites

The main archeological sites discovered in this province include:

Kohandezh hills

Excavations conducted by an American team between 1935 and 1940 in Nishapur discovered museum-worthy objects, which were shared with the government of the Shah. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's publications document its own Nishapur ceramics from those excavations. For half a century after 1945 the site of Nishapur was ransacked to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. Nowadays, the Kohandezh hills reveal the remains from those excavations.

Shadiyakh

Shadiyakh was an important palace in old Nishapur up to the 7th century, and became more important and populated after that. The palace was completely ruined in the 13th century. It was the home of notables such as Farid al-Din Attar, whose tomb is found in Shadiyakh.

Demographics

The major ethnic group in this region are Persians, there are other sizeable communities such as Khorasani Kurds, Khorasani Turks, Turkmens and Khorasani Baloch.[12]

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Razavi Khorasan Province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Razavi Khorasan Province
Counties2006[7]2011[8]2016[2]
Bajestan[lower-alpha 2]—30,66431,207
Bakharz[lower-alpha 3]—53,58254,615
Bardaskan68,39272,62675,631
Chenaran108,533125,601155,013
Dargaz73,43974,32672,355
Davarzan[lower-alpha 4]——21,911
Fariman86,42893,93099,001
Firuzeh[lower-alpha 5]—42,73937,539
Golbahar[lower-alpha 6]———
Gonabad106,15880,78388,753
Joghatai[lower-alpha 7]—47,92049,175
Joveyn[lower-alpha 7]—54,13954,488
Kalat39,56038,23236,237
Kashmar146,536157,149168,664
Khaf108,964121,859138,972
Khalilabad44,99349,11151,701
Khoshab[lower-alpha 8]—37,91437,181
Kuhsorkh[lower-alpha 9]———
Mahvelat47,06848,90051,409
Mashhad2,848,6373,069,9413,372,660
Miyan Jolgeh[lower-alpha 10]———
Nishapur441,184433,105451,780
Quchan179,613179,714174,495
Roshtkhar57,24760,63260,689
Sabzevar429,187319,893306,310
Salehabad[lower-alpha 11]———
Sarakhs85,52489,95697,519
Sheshtamad[lower-alpha 12]———
Taybad143,205108,424117,564
Torbat-e Heydarieh261,917210,390224,626
Torbat-e Jam239,395262,712267,671
Torqabeh and Shandiz[lower-alpha 13]—58,48369,640
Zaveh[lower-alpha 14]—71,67767,695
Zeberkhan[lower-alpha 15]———
Total5,515,9805,994,4026,434,501

Cities
See also: List of cities in Razavi Khorasan Province by population
See also: List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province

According to the 2016 census, 4,700,924 people (over 73% of the population of Razavi Khorasan Province) live in the following cities:[2]

CityPopulation
Ahmadabad-e Sowlat8,326
Anabad6,186
Bajestan11,741
Bajgiran594
Bakharz9,044
Bar3,765
Bardaskan28,233
Bayg3,545
Bidokht5,501
Chapeshlu2,374
Chekneh1,381
Chenaran53,879
Dargaz36,762
Darrud5,717
Davarzan2,744
Dowlatabad9,329
Eshqabad1,993
Farhadgerd8,442
Fariman39,515
Feyzabad18,120
Firuzeh5,884
Golbahar36,877
Golmakan8,373
Gonabad40,773
Hemmatabad1,274
Jangal6,650
Joghatai9,268
Kadkan3,719
Kakhk4,625
Kalat7,687
Kariz11,102
Kashmar102,282
Khaf33,189
Khalilabad12,751
Kharv13,535
Kondor6,460
Lotfabad1,865
Mashhad2,987,323
Mashhad Rizeh10,105
Mashhad Zhaman13,861
Mazdavand1,241
Molkabad2,056
Nashtifan9,176
Nasrabad7,460
Neqab14,783
Nilshahr7,371
Nishapur264,375
Now Khandan2,634
Qadamgah3,010
Qalandarabad4,880
Qasemabad5,145
Quchan101,604
Razaviyeh8,850
Rivash5,687
Robat-e Sang1,551
Roshtkhar7,514
Rud Ab4,028
Sabzevar243,700
Salami7,555
Salehabad8,625
Sangan12,443
Sarakhs42,179
Sefid Sang6,129
Shadmehr3,825
Shahrabad2,083
Shahr-e Zow3,745
Shandiz13,987
Sheshtomad3,108
Soltanabad5,932
Taybad56,562
Torbat-e Heydarieh140,019
Torbat-e Jam100,449
Torqabeh20,998
Yunesi3,426

The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Razavi Khorasan according to 2016 Census results announced by Statistical Center of Iran.[2] After Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, and Torbat-e Heydarieh are the most populous cities of the province.

Most Populous Urban Areas in Razavi Khorasan Province[2]

Mashhad

Nishapur

 Rank City County Population

Sabzevar

Torbat-e Heydarieh

1 Mashhad Mashhad 2,987,323
2 Nishapur Nishapur 264,375
3 Sabzevar Sabzevar 243,700
4 Torbat-e Heydarieh Torbat-e Heydarieh 140,019
5 Kashmar Kashmar 102,282
6 Quchan Quchan 101,604
7 Torbat-e Jam Torbat-e Jam 100,449
8 Taybad Taybad 56,562
9 Chenaran Chenaran 53,879
10 Sarakhs Sarakhs 42,179

Culture

Attractions

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves and protected regions, and various hiking areas.

Besides these, Khorasan encompasses numerous religious buildings and places of pilgrimage, including the shrine of Imam Reza, Goharshad mosque and many other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract visitors to this province.

The Cultural Heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of Khorasan-e Razavi are:

Mashhad

Nishapur

Sabzevar

Kashmar

Khalilabad
  • Jameh Mosque of Khalilabad
  • Kondor castle
  • Kondor Ab anbars

Torbat-e Jam

Gonabad

Sarakhs

Bardaskan

Bajestan

Taybad

Rivash
  • Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
  • Nameq Village
  • Shahi Dam
  • Gabar Hesar castle
  • Baghdasht Peak
  • Band-e Qara Bathhouse
  • Natural Yakhchāl of Band-e Qara

Colleges and universities

See also

Media related to Razavi Khorasan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Iran portal

Notes
  1. Also romanized as Ostân-e Xorâsân-e Razavi; also خراسان مرکزی, romanized as Xorâsân-e Markazi {English: Central Khorasan Province
  2. Separated from Gonabad County after the 2006 census[13]
  3. Separated from Taybad County after the 2006 census[14]
  4. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2011 census[15]
  5. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2006 census[16]
  6. Separated from Chenaran County after the 2016 census[17]
  7. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[18]
  8. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[19]
  9. Separated from Kashmar County after the 2016 census[20]
  10. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[21]
  11. Separated from Torbat-e Jam County after the 2016 census[22]
  12. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2016 census[23]
  13. Separated from Mashhad County after the 2006 census[24]
  14. Separated from Torbat-e Heydarieh County after the 2006 census[25]
  15. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[26]

References
  1. OpenStreetMap contributors (24 May 2024). "Razavi Khorasan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  2. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 09. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. "جمعیت". amar.org.ir.
  4. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  6. "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  7. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 09. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  8. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 09. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  9. "CSKK - Kurds in Khorasan". cskk.org.
  10. Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles, eds. (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol. 7): From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. pp. 183, 394–395. ISBN 978-0521200950.
  11. Ewans (2002). Afghanistan: A short History of its People and Politics. Perennial. pp. 77. ISBN 006-050508-7.
  12. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
  13. Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Gonabad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  14. Rahimi, Mohammad Reza. "Letter of approval regarding divisional reforms in Razavi Khorasan province". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  15. Rahimi, Mohammadreza (30 June 2012). "Davarzan County was added to the map of country divisions". Iranian Students' News Agency (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  16. Davodi, Parviz (24 July 1386). "Approval letter regarding reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Nishapur County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  17. Jahangiri, Ishaq (11 August 2019). "Changes in country divisions in the case of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  18. Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Sabzevar County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  19. Rahimi, Mohammadreza (28 February 2013). "Approval letter regarding definitions and country divisions in Sabzevar County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  20. "Notification of the establishment of Kuhsorkh County in Razavi Khorasan province". Cabinet Office (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. 23 December 2018. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  21. Mokhbar, Mohammad (11 December 1401). "Changing the center of Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province to Raisi village and the center of Belharat Rural District to Rigi village". Qavanin. Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  22. Jahangiri, Ishaq (15 July 2017). "Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Razavi Khorasan province". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  23. Jahangiri, Ishaq (21 February 2019). "Letter of approval regarding the country divisions of Razavi Khorasan province". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  24. Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Mashhad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  25. Davodi, Parviz. "Approval letter regarding the creation of Zaveh County with the center of Dowlatbad city under the citizenship of Razavi Khorasan province". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  26. Jahangiri, Ishaq (21 February 2019). "Approval letter regarding the establishment of Heshmatiyeh Rural District in Zeberkhan District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province". Qavanin (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  27. "Home". asrar.ac.ir.
  28. "مؤسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی بهار مشهد – مؤسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی بهار مشهد – دانشگاه بهار مشهد".
  29. "Welcome to ISATC 1". 11 February 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2005.
  30. "دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد". www.um.ac.ir.
  31. "دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گناباد". www.gmu.ac.ir.
  32. "دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری – دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری پویا در عرصه ملی پیشرو در مسیر توسعه".
  33. "دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (علیه السلام)". دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (علیه السلام).
  34. "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی گناباد". iau-gonabad.ac.ir.
  35. "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی سبزوار". www.iaus.ac.ir.
  36. "دانشگاه علوم پزشكي سبزوار - صفحه اصلی". www.medsab.ac.ir.
  37. "دانشگاه صنعتی سجاد". www.sadjad.ac.ir.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.